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PRACTICAL READER 

AND GUIDE BOOK 
FOR NEW AMERICANS 


ifci.r*. 

^ TD0BE0EZD00 


* 


SS3HONOD JO AHVM8I1 








































Copyright N°_ 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSm 




































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BLACK BROWN 

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PRACTICAL READER 

* 

AND GUIDE BOOK 
FOR NEW AMERICANS 



DISTRIBUTED BY 

MAUNDER-DOUGHERTY COMPANY 

KANSAS CITY, KANSAS 





DEDICATED 


TO 

Rev. Henry C. Haskell, D. D. 
1835-1914 


Prominent American missionary and 
educator in Bulgaria, whose services to that 
country have been gratefully recognized by 
the Bulgarian Minister of Education. He 
was my first-year teacher in English and a 
lifelong friend. 


AND 


TO MY FATHER 
Christo Toleff, Esq. 
1830-1898 


Who overcame his own prejudices and the 
ridicule of his friends and allowed me to 
attend the American Collegiate and Theo¬ 
logical Institute, Samokov, Bulgaria, of 
which Dr. Haskell was the efficient Presi¬ 
dent for a number of years. 



MAR -5 i9l5 

©Cl A393861 





INTRODUCTION. 


For a number of years I have been engaged, among 
other things, in teaching English to foreigners of various 
nationalities. My school is open for six nights a week all 
the year round. I have tried almost all readers published 
expressly for foreigners. My experience has taught me 
that the appearance of a book like this needs no apology. 
The present book aims not only to teach the foreigner 
English, but also to impart information about things he 
needs to know as a stranger in a strange land. Why 
should not the foreigner acquire this knowledge simultane¬ 
ously with the learning of the language, and thus be doubly 
rewarded for his efforts. 

Books of this kind are usually prepared by Americans 
who view the object from the American side only. This 
book has been prepared by one who has laboriously trod¬ 
den the path by which he seeks to lead others, a practical, 
short path to the English he needs in everyday life. Nine 
times I have sought a practical knowledge of a strange 
language that would enable me to speak intelligently to 
others, and have met with obstacles presented by well 
meaning authors who think more of nice distinctions than 
of the pressing needs of the student, who ignore the pro¬ 
vincialisms of everyday, speech, and who follow some 
beaten path to unnecessary results. 

MY METHOD 

1. Employs words that the foreigner is called upon 
to use almost every day. Acquiring a reasonably large 
vocabulary is an essential to the learning of any language. 
It is important that if a man's purpose is purely practical 
and not academic that he should be taught words which 
will form his stock in trade in conversing with his fellow 
men. In this little book I have used about nineteen hun¬ 
dred different words, not one of which is useless to the 
immigrant. 

2. Teaches the foreigner things of which he is ig¬ 
norant and which he needs to know in this strange land. 
It is more important for the foreigner to know how to 
rent a house, how to buy his groceries, how to take care 
of his hard-earned savings, what to do in case of sickness 
or death in his family, etc., than to learn about the Dutch 

— 3 — 


canals, the greedy dog and his reflection in the water, or 
even to teach him about the steamers and the ocean, with 
which he is done and may never see or need again, unless 
he wants to go back home. Every lesson in this book is 
prepared with the object of real practical use to the New 
American, kept steadily in view. 

3. Makes use of questions after every lesson intended 
to teach the foreigner how to speak English. Trying to 
answer questions is the easiest and the best method of 
assisting the immigrant to speak the language. 

4. Conjugates every verb in the tenses in which it 
appears in the text. For the first few lessons all the verbs 
of the lesson are conjugated, later on only a few verbs of 
the lesson are treated that way, and the rest of them are 
left for the student’s own efforts. After the twenty-second 
lesson the principal parts of the verbs are given and the 
teacher is expected to drill the students in the conjugation 
of them as far as the most complicated forms used in the 
text will warrant. My intention was to put in the back 
of the book a list of the principal parts of all the verbs 
used, but as a majority of teachers would hardly refer their 
pupils to such a list, I gave preference to the method of 
bringing the principal parts before the eyes of the students 
where the verbs appear in the course of the lessons. The 
proper use of the verb is important in learning any lan¬ 
guage. 


HOW TO USE THIS BOOK? 

1. Go slowly. Do not be in a hurry. Remember that 
you cannot master a language in a few nights. Give the 
learner a chance to digest the lesson and fix the words 
in his memory. Do not crowd him. That will cause men¬ 
tal dyspepsia. I have had paid and volunteer help in my 
school, many of them quite intelligent people, yet almost 
all committed thq same mistake,. going over much more 
in one night than is necessary or good for the pupil. 

2. Make good use of the questions. Do not slight 
them. I consider them the most important part of the 
book. You will be surprised at the results of freely using 
these questions. I have tried sentence building devices, 
I have tried the system of omitting words in the sentences 
and have the student supply them, but these methods are 
entirely mechanical and cannot begin to compare with 


- 4 - 



the use of questions as a means of sentence building and 
learning to speak English. Do not allow the New Ameri¬ 
can to use faulty English in his answers to the questions. 
In the beginning his answers will be very incorrect, but 
you can give him the proper answer and ask him to re¬ 
peat it. It is just as easy to learn to speak correct Eng¬ 
lish, as it is to learn the incorrect forms. 

3. Practice extensively with the verb forms. If you 
so desire you can use the grammatical terms of verb, noun, 
adjective, etc., but it is not necessary. Many people use 
good English, and yet may fail at an examination in Eng¬ 
lish grammar. When you practice with the verbs always 
use a subject and an object, and as your pupils advance 
introduce all kinds of modifiers. That will make the study 
more interesting and at the same time more useful. Even 
if you must give a whole session to such a drill your time 
is not lost. The faithful use of the questions and the ex¬ 
tensive drill in the verbs will be crowned with success. 

4. Use the word list in the beginning of each lesson 
as a spelling lesson. Many times I use the answers of the 
questions as a writing lesson. First the student gives me 
the answer orally. If the answer is not correct, I correct 
it, and then ask the class to write the corrected answer. 

5. Have a teacher for each class, regularly attend¬ 
ing pupils, and an entire session of at least one hour for 
each lesson. Remember that you are to work for sub¬ 
stantial results and not for a show. I repeat again, go 
slowly. The American “Hurry Up” will not do in teaching 
English to New Americans. 

The part in civil government is intended for those 
who are preparing for their final naturalization papers. 
Many courts require a vigorous examination of the candi¬ 
dates. The questions and answers are written with the 
view of giving a systematic knowledge of the workings of 
the National, State, County and City governments. None 
of the candidates prepared by our school has failed to 
pass that examination. 

This book is sent forth with the hope that it may be 
of real use and help to fellow immigrants, who are bound 
to feel lost in this great country, without a knowledge of 
the language and the customs of it. 

A. T. CHRISTOFF, 

Kansas City, Kansas. 

—5— 


TaM® ®lf ConnGsafl: 

PART ONE 

Practical Reader. 


Lesson. 

3. The Numbers. 

4. American Money. 

5. American Money. 

6. Conversation. 

7. Practice with Verbs. 

8. Time. 

9. The Alarm Clock. 

10. Our Party. 

11. My Body. 

12. My Body. 

13. Relations. 

14. Public Signs. 

15. Renting a House. 

16. Furniture. 

17. The Kitchen. 

18. The Meat Market. 

19. Vegetables. 

20. Groceries. 

21. Fruits. 

22. Building the Fire. 

23. Cooking a Meal. 

24. Setting the Table. 

25. Table Manners. 

26. Dish Washing. 

27. Men’s Clothing. 

28. Ladies’ Clothing. 

29. A Few Tools. 

30. Sales. 

31. The Five and Ten 

Cent Store. 


Lesson. 

32. The Sunday School. 

33. The Sunday Morning 

Service. 

34. Wash Day. 

35. House Cleaning. 

36. Personal Cleanliness. 

37. The Post Office. 

38. The Post Office Sav¬ 

ings and Money 
Order Department. 

39. The Bank. 

40. The Telephone. 

41. The Telegraph. 

42. The Doctor. 

43. The Hospital. 

44. The Dentist. 

45. The Barber Shop. 

46. The Street Car. 

47. Traveling by Train. 

48. Consumption. 

49. The City Park. 

50. Insurance. 

51. The Undertaker. 

52. The Trades. 

53. Trusts and 

Trade Unions. 

54. Back to the Farm. 

55. Naturalization. 

56. A Sample Verb. 


— 6 — 


PART TWO. 

Civil Government. 

1. The Declaration of Independence. 

2. The United States’ Constitution. 

3. Questions that may be asked at the examination of 
candidates for naturalization, and their brief answers. 

(a) General questions. 

(b) United States’ Government. 

(c) State Government. 

(d) County Government. 

(e) City Government. 

4. States, Capitals and number of representatives from 
each state. 


A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

I 

J 

K 

L 

M 

N 

O 

P 

Q 

R 

S 

T 

U 

v 

W 

X 

Y 

Z 

& 

a 

b 

c 

d 

e f 

g 

h 

• 

i 

• 

3 

k 

1 

m 

n 

o p 

> q 

r 

s 

t 

u 

V 

w 

X 

y z 





— 7 — 




LESSON 1. 


I you 

am are 

what American 


he she 

is is 

an a 


I am an American. 

What are you? 

I am a Russian. 

You are a Russian. 

What is he? 

He is a Croatian. 

She is a Bulgarian. 

I am You are He is She 


LESSON 2. 


his 

her 


my 

America 


your 

country 


I am an American. 
America is my country. 
You are a Bulgarian. 
What is your country? 
My country is Bulgaria. • 
He is a Russian. 

What is his country? 

His country is Russia. 
She is an Italian. 

What is her country? 

Her country is Italy. 


LESSON 3. 


THE NUMBERS. 

Numbers to learn 

how must count 

You must learn how to count in English. 


1 . 

one 

first 

15. fifteen 

fifteenth 

2. 

two 

second 

16. sixteen 

sixteenth 

3. 

three 

third 

17. seventeen 

seventeenth 

4. 

four 

fourth 

18. eighteen 

eighteenth 

5. 

five 

fifth 

19. nineteen 

nineteenth 

6. 

six 

sixth 

20. twenty 

twentieth 

7. 

seven 

seventh 

21. twenty-one 

twenty-first 

8. eight 

eighth 

30. thirty 

thirtieth 

9. 

nine 

ninth 

40. forty 

fortieth 

10. 

ten 

tenth 

50. fifty 

fiftieth 

11. 

eleven 

eleventh 

60. sixty 

sixtieth 

12. twelve 

twelfth 

70. seventy 

seventieth 

13. 

thirteen 

thirteenth 

80. eighty 

eightieth 

14. 

fourteen 

fourteenth 

90. ninety 

ninetieth 


100. one hundred one hundredth 

500. five hundred five hundredth 

1,000. one thousand one thousandth 

10,000. ten thousand ten thousandth 

100,000. one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth 
1,000,000. one million one millionth 

score=20 dozen=12 gross=12 doz.=144 


LESSON 4. 

AMERICAN MONEY. 


money 

dime 

copper 

the 

coin 

nickel 

silver 

half 

dollar 

• cent 

of 

make 

quarter 

piece 

and 

made 


The cent, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar and dollar 
are American coins. 


— 9 — 



One hundred cents make a dollar. Fifty cents make 
a half dollar. Twenty-five cents make a quarter. Ten 
cents make a dime. Five cents make a nickel. 

The cent is made of copper. The five cent piece is 
made of nickel. The dime, quarter, half dollar and dollar 
are made of silver. 

How many cents make a nickel? How many nickels 
make a dime? How many nickels make a quarter? How 
many dimes make a half dollar? How many quarters make 
a dollar? How many nickels make a dollar? How many 
dimes make a dollar? 


I make 
you make 
he makes 

I made 
you made 
he made 


I learn 
you learn 
he learns 

I learned 
you learned 
he learned 


I count 
you count 
he counts 

I counted 
you counted 
he counted 


LESSON 5. 

AMERICAN MONEY. 


United States 

paper 

sign 

high 

denominations 

gold 

or 

write 

bills 

eagle 

also 

called 


The paper money of the United States is in bills of one 
dollar, two dollars, five dollars, ten dollars, twenty dollars 
and higher denominations. 

There are five-dollar, ten-dollar and twenty-dollar gold 
pieces. 

The ten-dollar gold piece is called an eagle. 

The dollar sign is $. 

The cent sign is c or cts. 

Write: 

$3.75=three dollars, seventy-five cents. 

25c or 25 cts=twenty-five cents. 

There is There are 

— 10 — 



LESSON 6. 


CONVERSATION. 


steamer 

it 

well 

live 

work 

this 

where 

come 

name 

at 

whence 

came 

avenue 

from 

no 

thank 

good 

yet 

do 


much 

very 

like 



How do you do? Very well, thank you. What is your 
name? My name is John Pavlovsky. What are you? I 
am a Russian. From whence did you come? I came from 
Russia. How did you come to this country? I came on a 
steamer. How do you like this country? I like it very 
much. This is a good country. Where do you live? I live 
at 215 Central Avenue, Kansas City, Kansas. Where do 
you work? I have no work yet. 


I do 

Do I 

I did 

Did 

I 

you do 

Do you 

you did 

Did 

you 

he does 

Does he 

he did 

Did 

he 


I like 

I do not 

like 



You like 

you do not like 



he likes 

he does not like 



word 

LESSON 7. 

VERBS. 

same have 

write 

way 

for 

do 

live 

we 

in 

work 

thank 

they 

am 

like 

see 

these 

be 

try 

learn 

other 

can 

call 

make 

I am 


I was 

I will be 

you are 


you were 

you will be 

he is 


he was 

he will be 

we are 


we were 

we will be 

you are 


you were 

you will be 

they are 


they were 

they will be 



—11— 




I go 

1 went 

I will go 

you go 

you went 

you will go 

he goes 

he went 

he will go 

we go 

we went 

we will go 

you go 

you went 

you will go 

they go 

they went 

they will go 

I come 

I came 

I will come 

You come 

You came 

You will come 

He comes 

He came 

He will come 

We come 

We came 

We will come 

You come 

You came 

You will come 

They come 

They came 

They will come 

I have 

I had 

I will have 

you have 

you had 

you will have 

he has 

he had 

he will have 

we have 

we had 

we will have 

you have 

you had 

you will have 

they have 

they had 

they will have 

I see 

I saw 

I will see 

you see 

you saw 

you will see 

he sees 

he saw 

he will see 

we see 

we saw 

we will see 

you see 

you saw 

you will see 

they see 

they saw 

they will see 

Use these words in the same 

way: 

do 

did 

will do 

like 

liked 

will like 

call 

called 

will call 

live 

lived 

will live 

learn 

learned 

will learn 

make 

made 

will make 

write 

wrote 

will write 


12 


LESSON 8. 

TIME. 


week 

month 

September 

autumn 

day 

January 

October 

fall 

Sunday 

February 

November 

winter 

Monday 

March 

December 

hour 

Tuesday 

April 

year 

minute 

Wednesday 

May 

leap year 

second 

Thursday 

June 

season 

each 

Friday 

July 

spring 

may 

Saturday 

August 

summer 

abbreviate 


One day has twenty-four hours. Sixty minutes make 
an hour. There are sixty seconds in a minute. 

Seven days make one week. The days of the week are 
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday 
and Saturday. 

Four weeks make one month. Twelve months make 
one year. The names of the months are January, Febru¬ 
ary, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, 
October, November and December. 

January, March, May, July, August, October and De¬ 
cember have thirty-one days each. 

April, June, September and November have thirty 
days each. 

February has twenty-eight days. On leap year it has 
twenty-nine days. 

The year is divided into four seasons—spring, summer, 
autumn and winter. Each season has there months. 

The spring months are March, April and May. 

June, July and August are the summer months. 

The autumn months are September, October and No¬ 
vember. Autumn is also called fall. 

The winter months are December, January and Feb¬ 
ruary. 

The names of the month may be abbreviated this way: 
Jan., Feb., March, Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., 
Nov. and Dec. 


— 13 — 


How many hours are there in a day? How many min¬ 
utes are there in an hour? How many days make one week? 
How many weeks are there in a month ? How many months 
make one year? How many seasons are there in a year? 
How many months are there in each season? 


LESSON 9. 

THE ALARM CLOCK. 


morning 

face 

than 

set 

noon 

hands 

between 

move 

afternoon 

figures 

before 

stay 

evening 

alarm 

after 

ring 

night 

long 

if 

wake 

midnight 

short 

past 


clock 

faster 

want 


o'clock 

which 

wind 



You must have an alarm clock to wake you up in the 
morning. 

The alarm clock has three hands—the hour hand, min¬ 
ute hand and alarm hand. The hour hand and the minute 
hand move. The alarm hand stays where you set it. The 
hour hand is short. The minute hand is long. The minute 
hand moves faster than the hour hand. 

If you want to wake up at five o'clock in the morning, 
you must wind up the alarm in the evening and set the 
hand at the figure five on the clock face. In the morning 
the alarm will ring and wake you up at five o'clock. 

Twelve o’clock of the day we call noon. Twelve o'clock 
at night is midnight. The hours after twelve o'clock at 
night and before the noon hour are called the morning 
hours. The hours between noon and midnight are called the 
afternoon hours. 

The sign for the morning hours is A. M.; the sign of 
noon is M., and the sign for the afternoon hours is P. M. 

6:30 A. M.=half past six o’clock in the morning. 

12:00 M.=noon. 


— 14 — 



2:45 P. M.=quarter of three in the afternoon. 

How many hands has the alarm clock ? What are their 
names? Which hands move? Which of these two hands is 
long? Which is short? Which moves the faster? What 
are the morning hours? What are the afternoon hours? 
What is noon? What is midnight? What is the sign for the 
morning hours? What is the sign for the evening hours? 
Do you have an alarm clock? 


I wake „ 

I wind 
I want 
I move 
I stay 
I ring 
I abbreviate 
I may 


I woke 
I wound 
I wanted 
I moved 
I staid 
I rang 

I abbreviated 
I might 


I will wake 
I will wind 
I will want 
I will move 
I will stay 
I will ring 
I will abbreviate 


(From this lesson on let the students give the future 
tense, as it is so easily formed from the present.) 


LESSON 10. 

OUR PARTY. 


things 

Mr. 

once 

go 

house 

verbs 

early 

enjoy 

party 

last 

late 

spoil 

friends 

next 

till 

playing 

songs 

dark 

yesterday 

spent 

games 

all 

tomorrow 

talked 

beer 

some 

always 

asked 

whiskey 

several 

awhile 

sang 

trouble 

different 

who 

only 


Last night we had a party at our house. All my 
friends came to the party. We had a good time. We talk¬ 
ed awhile. Then we sang several songs. We spent some 
time in playing different games. We did not have beer and 
whiskey. These things always make trouble. Beer and 

—15— 



whiskey do not make a good time. They spoil the good 
time. We stayed very late. 

My friends enjoyed the party very much. They asked 
that we have such a party once a month. Our next party 
will be at Mr. Pavlovsky’s house. We will go early in the 
evening and will not stay so late. 

Yesterday we worked only half a day. Tomorrow we 
will start early and will work till dark. 

What did you have last night? Who came to the party? 
Did you have a good time? What did you do at the party? 
Do you like to sing? Do you like beer? Do you like whis¬ 
key? Do they (beer and whiskey) make a good time? How 
long did you stay at the party? Did you and your friends 
enjoy the party? Where will your next party be? Do you 
like to stay up late at night? 

I talk I do not talk 

I am talking I am not talking 

I talked I did not talk 

I will talk I will not talk 


Use the following verbs in the same way: 


spend 

spending 

spent 

will spend 

play 

playing 

played 

will play 

stay 

staying 

stayed 

will stay 

spoil 

spoiling 

spoiled 

will spoil 

enjoy 

enjoying 

enjoyed 

will enjoy 

sing 

singing 

sang 

will sing 

go 

going 

went 

will go 


THE LORD’S PRAYER. 

Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. 
Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is 
in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive 
us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not 
into temptation, but deliver us from evil. For Thine is the 
Kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever. Amen 
Matt. 6:9-13. 


— 16 — 



LESSON 11. 

MY BODY. 


man 

ears 

thumb 

rest 

body 

neck 

legs 

front 

parts 

throat 

hip 

many 

head 

shoulder 

thigh 

large 

eyes 

arm 

knee 

on 

nose 

elbow 

ankle * 

speak 

mouth 

wrist 

foot 

connect 

tongue 

hand 

toes 

support 

teeth 

fingers 

heel 



I am a man. I have a body. My body is made up of 
different parts. 

This is my head. I have two eyes, two ears, a nose and 
a mouth in my head. My tongue and my teeth are in my 
mouth. 

My neck connects the head to the rest of my body. The 
front part of the neck is called the throat. 

These are my arms. This is my shoulder and this is 
my elbow. This is the wrist and this is my hand. There are 
five fingers on my hand. The large finger is called a 
thumb. 

My legs support my body. This is my hip, and this 
is my knee. The part of the leg between the hip and the 
knee is called the thigh. This is my ankle. This is my 
foot. I have five toes on my foot. This part of my foot is 
called the sole of the foot, and this is my heel. 

There are other parts of my body. I will speak of 
them later. 

What are you? How many heads have you? How 
many eyes have you ? How many ears have you ? Where is 
your nose? Where is your mouth? Where is your neck? 
What is the front part of your neck called? How many 
arms have you? Where is your shoulder? How many 
shoulders have you ? How many elbows have you ? Where 
is your wrist? How many hands have you? How many 
fingers have you? How many fingers are there on one 

— 17 — 


hand? What is a thumb? How many legs have you? 
Where are your thighs? Where are your knees? How 
many knees have you? How many ankles have you? Where 
are they ? How many feet have you ? What part of the foot 
is the sole? How many toes have you? How many toes are 
there on one foot? Where is the heel of your foot? 



I speak 

I spoke 



I connect * 

I connected 



I support 

I supported 


late 

later 

dark 

darker 

early 

earlier 

good 

better 

large 

larger 

much 

more 



LESSON 12. 




MY BODY. 


nature 

hinges 

dumb 

hear 

beauty 

odor 

bad 

smell 

larynx 

school 

stiff 

chew 

voice 

sickness 

thus 

catch 

music 

kinds 

with 

hold 

men 

blind 

without 

help 

birds 

deaf 

around 

avoid 

food 

mute 

would 

enable 


My eyes enable me to see all things around me, and 
to enjoy the beauty of nature, With my ears I hear the 
voice of my friends when they talk to me, and enjoy all 
kinds of music, also the songs of men and birds. My nose 
helps me to smell all kinds of odor—bad and good. I can 
smell spoiled food and thus avoid sickness. The tongue with 
the help of the mouth and the larynx in my throat aid me 
in talking and singing. With the teeth I chew my food. 
With my arms and hands I do all kinds of work. My hands 
and fingers enable me to catch and hold things. My legs 
and feet enable me to go where I want to go. The hip, 
knee, ankles, shoulder, elbow and wrist are like hinges for 
my body. Without them my body would be very stiff. 

■— 18 — 



A man who cannot see is blind. The man who cannot 
hear is deaf. He, who cannot speak, is dumb or mute. The 
man who cannot hear and cannot talk is a deaf-mute. There 
are schools for the blind, and schools for the deaf-mutes in 
America. 

What do you do with your eyes ? What do you do with 
your ears? What do you do with your nose? What do you 
do with your tongue? What do you do with your teeth? 
What do you do with your arms and hands? What do you 
do with your legs and feet? What kind of men do we call 
blind? What is a deaf-mute? Have you seen the deaf- 
mutes talking? How do they talk? 



I see 

I do not see 



I saw 

I did not see 


I will see 

I will not see 

Do the same with the following verbs: 


hear 

heard 

chew 

chewed 

help 

helped 

catch 

caught 

smell 

smelled 

hold 

held 

avoid 

avoided 




LESSON 13. 



RELATIONS. 


woman 

brother 

grandchildren 

nephew 

relations 

sister 

grandson 

niece 

husband 

parents 

granddaughter 

godfather 

wife 

father 

father-in-law 

godmother 

child 

papa 

mother-in-law 

myself 

children 

mother 

sister-in-law 

when 

boy 

mamma 

brother-in-law 

married 

son 

grandparents 

uncle 

become 

girl 

grandfather 

aunt 


daughter 

grandmother 

cousin 



When a man and a woman are married they become 
husband and wife. If God gives them children, the boys are 
their sons, and the girls their daughters. The children 

— 19 — 



call their father “papa,” and their mother “mamma.” Papa 
and mamma are my parents. 

My father's or my mother’s father is my grandfather. 
Grandfather’s wife is my grandmother. Grandfather and 
grandmother are my grandparents. The boys are their 
grandsons, and the girls their granddaughters. 

My father’s and my mother’s brothers are my uncles. 
Their sisters are my aunts. Also the wives of my uncles 
are my aunts, and the husbands of my aunts are my uncles. 
The sons and daughters of my uncles and my aunts are my 
cousins. 

The wife’s or husband’s father is called a father-in- 
law. His wife is called a mother-in-law. The wife’s or hus¬ 
band’s sister and brother are called a sister-in-law and a 
brother-in-law. 

The son of my brother or of my sister is my nephew. 
A brother’s or a sister’s daughter is called a niece. 

The man that stands for a child at baptism is the 
child’s godfather. If it be a woman, she is the child’s god¬ 
mother. 

When do a man and a woman become husband and 
wife? Who are your parents? What do you call your 
father? What do you call your mother? Who is your 
grandfather? Who is your grandmother? Who are your 
grandparents ? What are you to your grandparents ? W T hat 
is an uncle? What is an aunt? What is a father-in-law? 
What is a mother-in-law ? What is a brother-in-law ? What 
is a sister-in-law? What is a nephew? What is a niece? 
Have you a godfather or a godmother? 


father 

mother 

grandfather 

wife 

husband 

brother 

sister 


fathers 

mothers 

grandfathers 

wives 

husbands 

brothers 

sisters 


father’s 

mother’s 

grandfather’s 

wife’s 

husband’s 

brother’s 

sister’s 


I marry I married 

I become I became 


— 20 — 


LESSON 14. 


PUBLIC SIGNS. 


rent 

railroad 

paint 

look 

sale 

crossing 

public 

stop 

lease 

danger 

private 

feed 

furnished 

cars 

fresh 

hitch 

rooms 

motorman 

here 

dump 

boarding 

post office 

out 

put 

waiting room 

grounds 

off 

keep 

doctor 

trees 

smoking 

spit 

floor 

grass 

trespassing 

allow 

Information 

admittance 

loafing 

furnish 

Bureau 

animals 

hunting 


ticket office 

dogs 

camping 



For Rent. For Lease. For Sale. Private. No Tres¬ 
passing. No Admittance. Fresh Paint. Do not Spit on the 
Floor. No Smoking Allowed. Rail-Road Crossing. Look 
out for the Cars. Wait Until the Car Stops. Do Not Talk 
to Motorman. Waiting Room. For Men. For Women. 
Ticket Office. Information Bureau. Walk In. Doctor is 
Out. Will Return Soon. No Loafing. Keep off the Grass. 
No Dogs Allowed. Put all Trash in the Box. Do not hitch 
to the Trees. Do not Feed the Animals. Private Grounds— 
no Hunting, no Camping. Dump Here. No Dumping Al¬ 
lowed. Post Office. Keep Out—Danger. Furnished 
Rooms. Boarding. 


look 

looked 

put 

put 

wait 

waited 

keep 

kept 

stop 

stopped 

spit 

spat 

feed 

fed 

allow 

allowed 

hitch 

hitched 

furnish 

furnished 

dump 

dumped 



I furnished the rooms. 




The rooms are furnished. 


— 21 — 


LESSON 15. 


RENTING A HOUSE. 


agent 

glass 

shed 

right 

card 

story 

coal 

broken 

address 

stairs 

place 

satisfactory 

lock 

light 

city 

such 

key 

gas 

street 

through 

bed 

water 

cement 

down 

kitchen 

yard 

dining 

then 

cellar 

lawn 

back 

repairing 

wall 

chicken 

big 

needed 

window 

coop 

that 

returned 


To-day I rented a good two-story house. Walking on 
Washington Street I saw a card in a window. I took the 
address of the agent from the card, went to his office and 
asked for the key. Then I returned to the house and looked 
through it. The wall paper was off in many places. The 
kitchen floor needed repairing. Five window glass were 
broken. Some of the locks do not work right. The cellar is 
very satisfactory with a good cement floor. There are 
three rooms down stairs and three up stairs. We will have 
our kitchen, dining room and front room down stairs. The 
rooms up stairs we will use for bed rooms. There is city 
water and gas light in the house. There is a big yard 
back of the house with a chicken coop and a coal shed. In 
front there is a lawn and a cement walk. 

The agent will have all the repairing done this week, 
so that we can move in next week. 

The rent is not high. Twelve dollars a month is not 
much for such a house on Washington Street. 

Did you rent a house today? What kind of a house did 
you rent? On what street is it? Did you look through 
the house? Has it a cellar? Is there city water and gas 
light in it? How many rooms are there in the house? Has 
it a good yard? Will the agent repair the house? When 
will you move into it? How much is the rent? 

I need I needed 

I return I returned 

I repair I repaired 

— 22 — 


LESSON 16. 


FURNITURE. 


furniture 

pillow 

cash 

but 

table 

pillow case 

those 

now 

stand 

carpet 

any 

wash 

chair 

shade 

more 

buy 

bedstead 

curtain 

new 

sold 

mattress 

door 

cook 

afford 

quilt 

stove 

rocking 

save 

sheet 

settee 

little 

get 

blanket 

store 

cheaper 

bring 


We did not want to move our furniture from Chicago. 
We sold it to some friends there. To-day I will go to the 
second hand store and buy some furniture. We cannot 
afford to buy new furniture. 

We need a cook stove, a kitchen table, six dining room 
chairs, a dining table, two or three rocking chairs, a carpet 
and a table for the front room, three bedsteads with the 
mattresses, three wash stands, and three chairs for the bed 
rooms. We need also a settee for the porch. 

We do not have to buy any quilts, sheets, pillows, pil¬ 
low cases and blankets. We have brought those from Chi¬ 
cago. 

We must buy nine window shades, and a curtain for 
the front door glass. 

We need many other things, but we will wait until we 
have a little more money. We do not like to buy things on 
time. It is always better to buy with cash. Then you can 
get things much cheaper. 

Do you have any furniture? What did you do with the 
furniture you had in Chicago? What will you do now for 
furniture? Is it not better to buy new furniture? What 
things will you buy ? Are there any shades on the windows 
of the house you rented ? Is this all you need to buy now ? 


I buy 
I sell 
I get 


I bought I save I saved 

I sold I wash I washed 

I got I bring 1 brought 

— 23 — 


LESSON 17. 


THE KITCHEN. 


people 

hole 

lid 

lifter 

tea 

kettle 

time 

drawer 

pin 


knife 

fork 

spoon 

dish 


sink 

bin 

flour 

oven 

wood 

small 

poor 

hot 

dirty 


clean 

great 

rolling 


covered 


pantry 

shelf 

provisions 

broom 

hod 


easily 

sweep 

bake 


We have a small kitchen. We are poor people and 
cannot afford many things in the kitchen. We have a cook 
stove with four holes. The holes are covered with lids. 
We use a lifter when we want to take off the lids. The tea 
kettle is always on the stove, so that we may have hot water 
at any time. We can use coal or wood in our stove. 

Our kitchen table has three drawers. In one of them 
is the rolling pin, and the other two we can use to hold our 
knives, forks and spoons. The kitchen table has also two 
bins—one we use for flour, and the other for bread. We 
make our own bread, and bake it in the oven. 

The pantry has several shelves on which we keep our 
dishes and provisions. 

Our coal and wood are in the coal shed. When we need 
some coal for the stove we bring it in a coal hod. 

As the kitchen becomes dirty very easily we keep the 
broom in the kitchen. My wife sweeps the kitchen several 
times a day. 

The sink is a great help to the housekeeper. We did 
not have such things in the old country. 

Have you a kitchen? What kind of stove have you? 
What do you do with the lifter? Where do you keep the 
tea kettle? What is in the tea kettle? Have you a kitchen 
table? How many drawers are there in the kitchen table? 
What do you put in them? Where do you keep your flour? 


— 24 — 


What do you keep in the pantry ? Where do you keep your 
coal and wood ? How do you bring the coal to the kitchen ? 
Have you a sink in your kitchen? Is your kitchen clean? 
How do you keep it clean ? 


I cover I covered 

I sweep I swept 

I may have money 
I can afford to buy 


I bring I brought 

I bake I baked 

I may not have money 
I cannot afford to buy 


LESSON 18. 


THE MEAT MARKET. 


meat 

ham 

kidney 

deal 

market 

bacon 

liver 

cuts 

cattle 

chops 

tripe 

scraps 

beef 

roast 

poultry 

round 

calf 

steak 

ducks 

expensive 

veal 

hamburger 

geese 

fancy 

sheep 

sausage 

turkey 

salted 

mutton 

soup 

fish 

smoked 

lamb 

stew 

lard 

ground 

hog 

bone 

butter 

by 

pork 

tail 

egg 

often 


The meat market is the place where we buy all kinds 
of meat. 

The meat from cattle we call beef. Veal is the meat 
of the calf. The meat of hogs is called pork. The meat 
from sheep is called mutton. Lamb is the meat of lambs. 

Round steak and roast are good meat, but they are 
very expensive. Pork chops are the best fresh pork that 
we can buy. The hams and bacon are sold sometimes 
fresh, but often are salted and smoked. Mutton and lamb 
are much cheaper than beef or pork. We, old country peo¬ 
ple, use a great deal of mutton and lamb. It makes very 
good stew. Hamburger is ground beef. 

At the meat market you will also find all kinds of 
*— 25 — 



poultry, fish, butter, eggs and lard. By poultry we mean 
chickens, ducks, geese and turkeys. 

Poor people cannot afford the fancy cuts of meat. 
They buy soup bone, pigs tails, pigs feet, kidneys, liver, 
tripe, sausage and scraps of beef, pork or mutton. 

We buy meat, fish, butter and lard by the pound. Eggs 
are sold by the dozen. 

Where do we buy our meat? What is beef? What is 
veal? What is pork? What is the meat of sheep called? 
What is lamb? What is poultry? What kind of meat do 
you like best? Do you like smoked ham? Can poor people 
afford to buy round steak and pork chops? What kind 
of meat do they buy? 

I smoked the meat. The meat is smoked. 

Smoked meat. 


16 ounces =1 pound.lb. 

100 pounds =1 hundredweight.Cwt. 

20 hundredweight = 1 ton.T. 


LESSON 19. 

VEGETABLES. 


produce 

radishes 

pie-plant 

Irish 

vegetables 

cucumbers 

egg-plant 

sweet 

potatoes 

beans 

peppers 

raw 

turnips 

string beans 

horse-radish 

green 

onions 

peas 

squash 

pretty 

garlic 

corn 

pumpkin 

roasting 

parsley 

beets 

salad 

fried 

celery 

carrots 

pickles 

sliced 

cabbage 

tomatoes 

vinegar 

fond 

cauliflower 

spinach 

sauce 

use 

lettuce 

asparagus 

skin 

peel 


We buy our vegetables at the city market or from the 
produce man. 

Irish and sweet potatoes and also turnips are cooked 
—26— 






in water. We can peel them before cooking or wash them 
clean and cook with the skins on. We put some salt in 
the water when we cook vegetables. Potatoes are very good 
food. Tomatoes, onions, parsley, celery, cabbage, lettuce, 
radishes and cucumbers can be eaten raw. Some of them 
make good salad. String beans, beets, carrots, cauliflower, 
small onions and green tomatoes make very good pickles. 
String beans, spinach, asparagus, cabbage and cauliflower 
are sometimes cooked and used for greens. We can make 
good vegetable soup from string beans, green peas, toma¬ 
toes, carrots and green sweet corn. Green corn is good 
for roasting. Egg-plant and summer squash are fine sliced 
and fried in lard or butter. Did you ever eat baked peppers 
w T ith vinegar? Ground horse-radish put in vinegar is very 
good with meat or fish. Pie-plant and pumpkins are used 
for pies. Pie-plant also makes very good sauce. 

Many old country people are fond of garlic. It has a 
bad odor. The American people do not like the smell of it. 
If you want to eat garlic you had better eat it at night. The 
smell will be gone by morning. 

Where do you buy your vegetables? How many kinds 
of potatoes are there? How do we eat turnips? Are pota¬ 
toes a good food? What vegetables do we eat raw? What 
vegetables do we use for salad? What vegetables do we 
use for greens? What vegetables are used for soup? Do 
you like roasted corn? Have you seen egg-plant? Do you 
like summer squash? Does your wife make any pies? Are 
you fond of garlic? Is it best to eat garlic in the day time? 


roast roasting slice slicing 

peel peeling fry frying 

I fry I fried I peel I peeled 

I roast I roasted I slice I sliced 


2 pints =1 quart.qt. 

8 quarts = 1 peck.pk. 

4 pecks =1 bushel.bu. 


- 27 — 






LESSON 20. 


GROCERIES. 


grocer 

oatmeal 

price 

still 

groceries 

cream-of- 

date 

instead 

coffee 

wheat 

order 

could 

cocoa 

crackers 

something 

beat 

postum 

yeast 

own 

deliver 

sugar 

breakfast 

worth 

handle 

cheese 

amount 

because 

please 

milk 

account 

just 

start 

macaroni 

book 

most 

pay 

spaghetti 

bill 

wise 

mix 

think 


We buy all our groceries and a good many other things 
from the grocer. I always like to buy things with cash. 
Then I can buy where I please, cheaper and better. But 
the trouble is we do not have the cash most of the time. 
We had to start an account. The grocer gave us a little 
book. When we want to get something from the store we 
take the book with us. The grocer writes in it the date, the 
thing we get, and the amount it is worth. We pay our 
grocery bill every Saturday night. Our grocer is a good 
man, and does not sell things very high, but still I believe 
if I had the cash I could beat his prices on many things. 

Tea and coffee are not very good for the health, but 
still we use them. It would be much better if we drank 
cocoa and postum instead of coffee and tea. We use a great 
deal of sugar. Our grocer handles all kinds of meat, but¬ 
ter, eggs, milk, vegetables and other provisions. Now and 
then we like cooked rice. We are very fond of macaroni and 
spaghetti with cheese or with tomatoes. Very often we 
have soup. We use crackers with our soup. There are a 
great many breakfast foods on the market, but we think 
they are very expensive. The only breakfast foods we use 
are oat-meal and cream-of-wheat. Our children always 
enjoy them with milk and sugar. We make our own bread. 
We get the flour and yeast from the grocer. It is not good 

— 28 — 


to buy more yeast than we need for one mixing, because it 
spoils easily. We buy fresh yeast just when we need it. 

We could order things from the grocer and have them 
delivered, but we always like to go to the store and see what 
we buy. That saves much trouble. 

Where do you buy your groceries? Do you buy your 
groceries with cash? Do you always have the cash? Do 
you buy things on time? How often do you pay your 
grocery bill? Is your grocer a good man? Does he sell 
things very high ? Could you beat his prices if you had the 
cash? What do you drink for breakfast? Is it wise to 
drink tea and coffee ? What would be better to drink ? What 
do you put in your tea and coffee to make them sweet? 
What other things does your grocer sell? Do you like 
macaroni? How do you like it best, with cheese or with 
tomatoes? Do you use any breakfast foods? What break¬ 
fast foods do you like best? Do you buy your bread? Can 
you make bread without yeast? Do you buy very much 
yeast at one time? Do you give your grocer an order and 
have him deliver your groceries ? 



much 

more 

most 


good 

better 

best 


bad 

worse 

worst 


little 

less 

least 


dirty 

dirtier 

dirtiest 


pretty 

prettier 

prettiest 


early 

earlier 

earliest 


fast 

faster 

fastest 

Do the 

same with the following: 


long 

nice 

high 

hot 

short 

stiff 

cheap 

great 

late 

fresh 

small 

raw 

dark 

big 

poor 

green 

I think 

I thought 

I handle 

I handled 

I order 

I ordered 

1 start 

I started 

I beat 

I beat 

I pay 

I paid 

I deliver 

I delivered 

I mix 

I mixed 


— 29 — 


LESSON 21. 


FRUITS. 


dealer 

apricot 

raspberry 

canned 

article 

cherry 

blackberry 

ripe 

luxury 

lemon 

blueberry 

wholesome 

jar 

lemonade 

gooseberry 

cold 

cream 

orange 

cranberry 

tropical 

fruit 

banana 

currants 

over 

apple 

nut 

jelly 

during 

pear 

grapes 

preserve 

prefer 

plum 

berry 

useful 

import 

peach 

strawberry 

evaporated 

grow 


Fruit is not a luxury. Ripe fruit is a very wholesome 
article of food. We buy fruit from the fruit dealer. 

Apples, pears, plums, peaches, apricots, cherries and 
grapes grow in the greater part of this country. We eat 
them raw or make of them different kinds of fruit butter, 
jellies and preserves to be used in the winter. Berries are 
called small fruits. There are many kinds of berries— 
strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, goose¬ 
berries, cranberries and currants. They can be used raw 
with sugar and cream, but people prefer to bake them into 
pies. The housekeepers make good jellies and preserves of 
them, and put them up in glass jars for winter use. Nuts 
also are very good and useful for food. Lemons and or¬ 
anges grow in California, Arizona, Florida and Louisiana. 
Who has not eaten oranges, and has not enjoyed a cold drink 
of lemonade in the hot summer days? We all know well, 
how good the bananas are. Some bananas grow in this 
country, but most of the bananas we buy are imported from 
Cuba, Mexico and other tropical countries. I like to buy 
evaporated fruit; it is cheaper than fresh fruit and makes 
very good sauce. You can buy from your grocer evaporated 
apples, pears, peaches, apricots and prunes. Your grocer 
sells also all kinds of canned fruit. 

It is better to spend your money for fruit and other 
good things to eat, than to pay doctor bills. 

— 30 — 


Where can you buy fruit? What kind of fruit grows in 
the greater part of this country? How do you eat fruit? 
What is called small fruit? How many kinds of berries 
have you seen? How are berries used? Have you eaten 
blueberry pie? Have you eaten cranberry jelly? Are nuts 
useful for food? Have you drunk lemonade? Do you like 
oranges? Are bananas good to eat? Have you used evapo¬ 
rated fruit? Do you like canned fruit? 

I prefer I preferred 

I import I imported 

I grow I grew 


LESSON 22. 


BUILDING THE FIRE. 


ball 

pan 

enough 

touched 

hatchet 

chunk 

too 

added 

boards 

pile 

burning 

laid 

kindling 

top 

chopped 

struck 

match 

while 

filled 

shook 

fire 

few 

carried 

build 

ashes 

full 

squeezed 

prepare 


This morning I was up at five o'clock. I went to the 
coal shed, took a few small boards and chopped them up 
with my hatchet into kindling wood. I put the hatchet 
in its place, filled up the coal hod with coal, and then I 
carried the kindling and the coal into the kitchen. 

The fire box of the stove was nearly full of ashes. I 
shook the ashes down into the ash-pan, carried them out and 
dumped them on the ash pile in the back yard. Returning 
to the kitchen I took a few pieces of paper, squeezed them 
into a ball and laid it in the fire box. Then I struck a 
match and touched it to the paper. The paper began burn¬ 
ing. I put the smaller pieces of kindling over the burning 
paper and then the larger ones. When the kindling was 
burning well enough I put several chunks of coal on top of 
it. After a while I added more coa], and had a good fire. 

— 31 — 



I filled up the tea kettle with water, set it on the stove, 
and called my wife to prepare breakfast. 

What time did you rise this morning? What did you 
get in the coal shed? Can you build a coal fire? What do 
you put in the fire box first? Then what? Can you build 
a fire by putting coal on top of the paper? What do you 
do when there are too many ashes in the fire box? Where 
do you dump the ashes? Who builds the fire in the morn¬ 
ing, you or your wife? 

very much very hot very cold 

too much too hot too cold 


I shake 

I shook 

I burn 

I 

burned 

I strike 

I struck 

I carry 

1 

carried 

I chop 

1 chopped 

I squeeze 

I 

squeezed 

1 fill 

I filled 

I touch 

1 

touched 

I build 

I built 

I lay 

I 

laid 

I add 

I added 

I prepare 

I 

prepared 


LESSON 23. 

COOKING A MEAL. 


meal 

grease 

brown 

as soon as 

lunch 

loaf 

fine 

thus far 

dinner 

cloth 

free 

consists 

supper 

closet 

warming 

stir 

batter 

pail 

near 

pour 

pancake 

bottle 

so 

begin 

griddle 

success 

ready 

sit 

ladle 

plan 

already 

raise 


My wife had planned to give us for our breakfast this 
morning coffee, pancakes and fried pork. 

Last night she mixed her bread, so that it would raise 
during the night and be ready to bake in the morning. She 
also stirred up the batter for the pancakes. 

As soon as she was ready she came into the kitchen. 
First she put the coffee into the coffee pot, poured cold 
water over it, and set it over one of the stove holes to boil. 

— 32 — 



Then she fried the pork, put it into a dish and set it in the 
warming closet of the stove. With the grease from the 
pork she greased the pancake griddle, which was already 
on the stove, and began to pour the batter on it with a soup 
ladle. The griddle was just right. The pancakes baked 
nicely brown. We all sat at the table and enjoyed our 
morning meal. 

While my wife was preparing breakfast my daughter 
mixed up the bread, which had raised well. She made it 
into loaves, which she put into the greased bread pans, and 
covered the loaves with the bread cloth near the stove till 
they raised again. Then she put the bread in the hot 
oven to bake. We find it a good plan to mix the bread in 
the evening, because it is ready to bake in the morning, 
then my wife and daughter are free to do their other work. 
Thus far we have had success with our baking. Our bread 
is very fine. 

I cannot come home for dinner. My wife puts up a 
lunch for me in my dinner pail. My lunch consists of a few 
slices of buttered bread, one or two pieces of fried pork, 
some kind of fruit and a bottle of coffee. I must drink my 
coffee cold. 

Supper is our best meal. 

What did you have for breakfast this morning? How 
do you make coffee? In what do you fry pork? Can your 
wife make good pancakes? Do you like to eat pancakes? 
Do you put sugar and cream in your coffee? What did 
your daughter do while your wife was preparing break¬ 
fast? When does your wife start her bread? Do you go 
home for dinner? What do you have for lunch? How 
many meals a day do you have? Which meal do you like 


best? 


boy boys 

loaf loaves 

berry berries 


girl girls 

calf calves 


potato potatoes 

dish dishes 


cherry cherries 
tomato tomatoes 
match matches 


— 33 — 


I am planning 
I have planned 
I had planned 


I am stirring 
I have stirred 
I had stirred 


Try the same with the following verbs: 


pour 

poured 

pouring 

poured 

begin 

began 

beginning 

begun 

sit 

sat 

sitting 

sat 

raise 

raised 

raising 

raised 

(Show the students how to form the present and ; 

participles. 

After this lesson only the present and ; 

indicative of the verbs will be given). 



LESSON 24. 



SETTING 

THE TABLE. 


table cloth 

pitcher 

glass 

young 

sugar bowl 

holder 

gravy 

mashed 

pepper shaker plate 

person 

whole 

salt cellar 

cup 

anybody 

especially 

tooth picks 

saucer 

church 

wipe 


Mary today is Sunday. I have prepared a good dinner 
for your papa. Set the table, so we can have dinner as 
soon as he comes from church. 

Cover the table with the new table cloth. Put a plate, 
a knife, a fork, a cup and saucer and a water glass for each 
of us. Cut the bread into slices, put it on the bread plate, 
and set it on the table. See if there is any sugar in the 
sugar bowl. Wipe the salt cellar and the pepper shaker. 
Clean the tooth pick holder, and put some tooth picks in it. 
Put the teaspoons in the spoonholder. Place the plate with 
butter on the table. Pour some cream into the cream 
pitcher. Brother and sister will not drink coffee, so fill 
up the milk pitcher with milk, and set it on the table. 

Mamma, what will we have for dinner? We will have 
fried chicken, mashed potatoes with gravy, lemon pie, and 
we will open a jar of preserved cherries. Papa and myself 


— 34 — 



will drink coffee, but you children will drink milk. Coffee 
is not good for young persons. 

What is today? Are you going to have a good dinner? 
Who prepared the dinner? Where is your father? Do you 
like to go to church? What do you do with the table cloth? 
What things do you set on the table for each person? For 
what do you use the plate ? What do you do with the table 
knife ? What do you do with the spoon ? For what do you 
use the cup ? What do you do with the saucer ? Do you put 
a whole loaf of bread on the table? In what do you keep 
the sugar on the table? In what do you keep the salt and 
pepper? What do you do with the tooth picks? With 
what do you stir the sugar in your coffee? In what do you 
keep the spoons on the table? Do you use butter? For 
what is cream used? Which do you like best, milk or 
coffee? Is coffee good for young persons? What will you 
have for dinner? Do you know how to make good gravy? 
What kind of pie do you like best? 


LESSON 25. 

TABLE MANNERS. 


God 

noise 

loudly 

say 

manners 

ourselves 

should 

reach 

culture 

left 

cough 

receive 

lady 

polite 

listen 

forget 

gentleman 

impolite 

fly 

teach 

somebody 

at least 

leave 

pass 

company 

at all 

excuse 

blush 

sir 

together 

wish 

surround 

ma'am 

carefully 

watch 

practice 

side 

slowly 


serve 

particle 

violently 




We try to have at least one meal a day together, so we 
can teach our children some table manners. It is a good 
thing to teach the children to act like ladies and gentlemen 
all the time, so that they will not make you blush, when you 
have company. 


— 35 — 



When the table is set we surround it and stand back 
of our chairs. We wait till the ladies are seated and then 
we seat ourselves. Before we begin our meal I return thanks 
to God, the giver of all. We pass our plates to my wife 
who serves the food. I hold the fork in my left hand and 
cut the meat with the right hand. My coffee is on the right 
side of my plate. If I need something and it is not before 
me, I ask for it to be passed. It is not polite to reach over 
and try to get things that are far from you. If you wish 
some more bread, turn to the person nearest the bread and 
say: “Will you, please, pass me the bread ?” When you re¬ 
ceive the thing you ask for do not forget to say: “Thank 
you, sir,” or if addressing a lady, “Thank you, ma'am.” 

When you eat do not make a noise. Eat slowly and 
chew your food well. It is not bad manners to talk at meals, 
but do not talk very loudly or laugh violently. It is very 
impolite to do so. Let the children listen. If they talk 
at all, it must be very little. If you must cough, put your 
hand before your mouth. Do not allow particles of food to 
fly out of your mouth when you talk. 

If you must leave the table before the meal is over, 
ask the lady of the house to excuse you. 

When at table with people of culture, watch carefully 
what they do, and practice at home the good things you 
learn. 

Do you return thanks at the beginning of each meal? 
Who dishes out the food at your house? How would you 
ask, if you wish more meat? What would you say when 
you receive it? In which hand do you hold the fork? Is it 
good manners to talk loudly? Is it polite to laugh violent¬ 
ly? What would you do, if you must cough while at table? 
Is it polite to get up from the table and walk off without 
asking the lady of the house to excuse you ? Is it good man¬ 
ners for children to do most of the talking at table? How 
can we learn good table manners? 

cough coughed leave left 

listen listened excuse excused 

— 36 — 


watch 

watched 

say 

said 

reach 

reached 

receive 

received 

teach 

taught 

pass 

passed 

blush 

blushed 

surround 

surrounded 

practice 

practiced 

serve 

served 

fly 

flew 

flown 


forget 

forgot 

forgotten 


polite 

impolite 


Practice at home 

I practice at home 

Have some bread 

I have some bread 

Watch other people 

I watch other 

people 


LESSON 26. 



DISH WASHING. 


dish-pan 

easy 

let 

cleared 

dish-rag 

greasy 

rub 

stick 

soap 

soon 

dip 

giggle 

towel 

away 

rinsed 

dry 

neighbor 

why 



pleasant 

besides 




I have cleared the table. The dirty dishes are piled up 
by the sink. I pour hot water into the dish-pan, and then 
take the cleaner dishes and put them in the hot water. I 
leave the gerasy dishes to be washed after the cleaner ones 
are all washed and out of the water. If I put the greasy 
dishes in first, the water becomes greasy, and the grease 
sticks to the cleaner dishes. I take the dish-rag, dip it in 
the water and rub some soap on it. Then I take the dishes 
out of the hot water one by one and wash them carefully. 
Do not giggle and look around when you wash dishes. Every 
dish I wash with the dish-rag I put into another pan with 
clean, hot water to be rinsed out. My brother gets the 
dishes out of the clean, hot water, dries them with the dish- 
towel and puts them away in the pantry. 

It is easier to wash dishes fresh from the table than if 
they have been standing dirty for hours. Besides it is not 

— 37 — 



pleasant to have some neighbor come in and see the dirty 
dishes. 

Do you like to cook? Do you like to set the table? Do 
you like to have company? Do you like a big dinner? Do 
you like to wash dishes ? In what do you wash the dishes ? 
What dishes do you wash first? Why do you do so? Who 
helps you with the dishes? What does your brother do? Do 
you wash your dishes soon after the meal, or do you let 
them stand for hours? Is it best to let the dishes stand 
dirty for several hours? Do dishes wash more easily if 
you leave them standing dirty? Does a good housekeeper 
let her dishes stand dirty by the sink all day? 


rub 

rubbed 

dip 

dipped 

rinse 

rinsed 

clear 

cleared 

stick 

stuck 

pile 

piled 

dry 

dried 




LESSON 27. 



MEN’S CLOTHING. 


clothes 

garters 

jewel 

wet 

pants 

shoes 

ring 

heavy 

suspenders 

rubbers 

initial 

respectable 

belt 

collar 

weather 

attached 

shirt 

button 

umbrella 

ashamed 

vest 

necktie 

overalls 

pressed 

coat 

tie-pin 

pair 

modestly 

hat 

tie-clasp 

newspaper 

respect 

cap 

cuffs 

factory 

wrap 

underwear 

bosom 

tobacco 

dress 

undershirt 

sleeve-holders 

silk 

change 

drawers 

watch 

soft 


socks 

chain 

goldfilled 



On work days I dress very modestly. Besides my 
underwear I put on a blue work shirt with attached collar 
and cuffs, a ten-cent necktie, an old pair of pants, an old 
coat, a cap, a pair of cheap socks and heavy work shoes. I 
wrap up my overalls in a newspaper, and as soon as I reach 

— 38 — 



the factory I take off my coat, put on the overalls and be¬ 
gin work. People in America do not care how modestly 
you dress when at work. 

We are poor, but I like to dress well on Sunday and 
look respectable. I do not spend my money for beer and 
tobacco. I drink water, and thus save money to have bet¬ 
ter Sunday clothes for my wife, myself and the children. 
Every Sunday morning I change my undershirt and draw¬ 
ers, put on a pair of good socks, a nice stiff-bosomed or 
soft-bosomed shirt, a clean white collar, a silk necktie in 
which I stick a goldfilled pin. I use a goldfilled front and 
back button for my collar and goldfilled cuff buttons with 
my initial on them, also a goldfilled tie-clasp. My pants, 
vest and coat are always clean and pressed. I keep my 
Sunday hat in a box. In the winter I use suspenders to 
hold up my pants, but in the summer I prefer a belt. The 
garters keep up my socks, and for my sleeves I use sleeve 
holders. I have a gold watch chain, left by my father, and 
I bought me a good seventeen-jewel American watch. I 
think the American watches are much better than those 
made in Europe. I have had my gold ring for over twenty 
years. 

I have a pair of good Sunday shoes. In wet weather 
I use rubbers and an umbrella. 

It pays to dress well. People will have more respect 
for you, if you are carefully and cleanly dressed. You 
must dress so that your American friends will not be 
ashamed of you. 

Do you go to work in your best clothes? Do you use 
overalls at work? How do you dress on Sunday? How 
often do you change your underwear ? What kind of shirts 
do you use? Do you use white collars? What kind of 
buttons do you use? What do you do with the tie-pin? Do 
you use a tie-clasp ? How do you keep your pants, vest and 
coat? Do you use a cap or a hat on Sunday? Which do 
you like better, suspenders or belt? Have you used gar¬ 
ters? Do you use sleeve holders? Do you have a watch? 
Do you have a watch chain? Have you a ring? What is 

— 39 — 


an initial ? Why should a man dress well ? Can you afford 
to dress well ? Which is cheaper, beer or clothes ? 


this 

these 

that 

those 

respectable 

respectably 

modest 

modestly 

cheap 

cheaply 

soft 

softly 

respect 

respected 

wrap 

wrapped 

dress 

dressed 

change 

changed 


LESSON 28. 



LADIES' 

CLOTHING. 


garments 

apron 

comb 

safety 

skirt 

ribbon 

barrette 

particular 

underskirt 

lace 

family 

fashionable 

waist 

calico 

fashion 

herself 

stockings 

wool 

color 

themselves 

hose sup¬ 

cotton 

position 

practically 

porters 

yarn 

hair 

extravagantly 

corset 

jewelry 

dirt 

fix 

overshoes 

ear-rings 

dust 

wear 

oxfords 

necklace 

device 

adorn 

pumps 

beads 

costly 

protect 

sandals 

locket 

common 

procure 

slippers 

bracelet 

low 



In the old country my wife procured the wool or the 
cotton yarn and made all the underwear and outer gar¬ 
ments for herself and the family; in America we buy all 
our clothes. 

Back at our old home, a few women used corsets, but 
in this country, not to be out of fashion, our young women 
and girls wear corsets, corset covers and, practically, all 
that American women wear. There are underskirts of 
white, black and other colors. My wife is not very fashion¬ 
able and wears long sleeved and high necked dresses and 
waists. In the summer she wears white waists. She is not 
very particular about the color of her skirts. Ladies wear 
stockings, which are kept in position by hose supporters. 
In the winter they use high top shoes and rubbers or over- 
— 40 — 



shoes. The summer foot-wear for ladies consists of oxfords, 
pumps and sandals. 

Ladies like to adorn themselves with all kinds of rib¬ 
bons, laces and jewelry. They use rings, ear-rings, neck¬ 
laces, beads, lockets, watches and bracelets. 

Ladies' clothes are so made that they must use many 
common pins, safety pins, beauty pins and other devices 
instead of buttons. 

In the house ladies use calico dresses, or dresses made 
of cheaper material than those they use on the street. They 
also put on a long apron to protect their clothes from 
dirt and dust. Instead of shoes they wear light slippers. 

It takes a long time for a lady to dress for the street. 
She must comb her hair, put it up, and fix it in place by 
hair pins, side and back combs. Some ladies use barrettes. 
Ladies wear very expensive hats and hat pins. 

It is right that women should dress well, but not 
extravagantly. We should never wear clothes that we can¬ 
not afford. 

Do the women in America use home made clothes? 
Do the women in the old country use corsets? Why do 
the old country young women use corsets in America? 
What undergarments do the ladies wear? What waists 
does your sister like best, short sleeved or long sleeved, 
low necked or high necked? What do the ladies wear, 
socks or stockings? What kind of shoes do they wear in 
thePwinter ? What kind of shoes do they wear in the 
summer? What jewelry do the ladies use? Do they use 
their best clothes in the house? What do they use to 
protect their clothes from the dirt and dust? What kind 
of shoes do they wear in the house? What do the ladies 
use to keep up their hair? Have you seen a barrette? 
Are ladies' hats very cheap? Should the wife of a poor 
man dress in expensive clothes? 

safe safety dirt dirty 

cost costly practical practically 

fashion fashionable 


— 41 — 



fix 

fixed 

adorn 

adorned 

protect 

protected 

comb 

combed 

wear wore 

worn 

I 

me 

my 

myself 

you 

you 

your 

yourself 

he 

him 

his 

himself 

she 

her 

her 

herself 

it 

it 

its 

itself 

we 

us 

our 

ourselves 

you 

you 

your 

yourselves 

they 

them 

their 

themselves 


LESSON 29. 



A FEW 

TOOLS. 


household 

saw 

screws 

of course 

needle 

square 

condition 

shave 

thimble 

plane 

assorted 

mark 

scissors 

brace 

simple 

drive 

spool 

bits 

necessary 

bore 

thread 

screw driver 

smooth 

pull 

tools 

lumber 

exactly 


claw hammer 

nails 

otherwise 



As the lady of the house needs a needle, a thimble, 
a pair of scissors and a spool or two of thread to do the 
necessary repairs on the clothing of her household, so 
the husband needs a few tools to fix up things around the 
house. He must have a saw to cut boards, a plane to 
shave the boards and make them smooth, a square to 
mark exactly where he wishes to cut a piece of board or 
lumber, a brace and bits to bore with, a claw hammer to 
drive in or pull out nails, and also a box of assorted nails 
and screws, and if he uses screws, of course, he will need 
a screw driver. 

With these simple tools a man can keep his house and 


— 42 — 



furniture in good condition, and save many dollars, that 
would otherwise go for repairs. 

What things does a lady need to repair the clothes of 
her household? What does the lady do with the needle? 
Of what use is the thimble? What does the lady do with 
the scissors? Have you seen a spool of thread? What 
tools does the man use? What does he do with the saw? 
Why does the man need a plane? Have you seen a square? 
Have you ever used a brace and bit? What are the bits? 
Have you a claw hammer? What do you do with it? Have 
you a box of assorted nails and screws? What do you do 
with the screw driver? Why should a man have some 
tools ? 

bore bored mark marked 

shave shaved pull pulled 

drive drove driven 


LESSON 30. 

SALES. 


goods 

nothing 

pinned 

told 

suit 

auction 

cancelled 

understand 

overcoat 

majority 

noticed 

fooled 

bargain 

real 

explain 

walking 

fake 

reliable 

remember 

etc. 

fact 

below 




Walking up Main Street I noticed that many of the 
stores had big signs “ANNUAL SALE.” The goods in the 
windows were marked down. There were men’s suits, 
which had cards pinned on them. Some of these cards 
had on top $20 cancelled out and below it written $12. 
Others had $25 cancelled out, and marked down $17.50. 
Overcoats were marked down from $20 to $12, etc. There 
were also many other things marked in the same way. 

I asked an American friend to explain this to me. He 
told me that sometimes there are real bargains at these 
sales, but the majority of them are fakes. Sometimes you 

—43— 



pay $12 for a suit of clothes thinking it is worth $20 and 
in fact you have bought a suit not worth more than $10. 
If you really know goods and prices, try these sales; but if 
not, keep away from them. Remember that you cannot 
get something for nothing. It is always better to go to a 
reliable store, pick out what you want, and pay its real 
price. 

Do not be fooled by the cards. Marking a thing $20 
does not make it worth that much. You must look at the 
goods and not at the figures on the cards. 

Keep away from auction sales. No matter what you 
buy there, you always lose. 

Do the stores in your town have sales? Do you really 
think that you can buy things cheaper at the sales ? What 
do you think about the way the goods are marked down? 
Are there any real bargains at the sales? Can you get 
something for nothing? What is the safest way to buy 


goods? What 

must we look at, when we buy goods ? What 

about auction 

sales ? 



pin 

pinned 

cancel 

cancelled 

notice 

noticed 

explain 

explained 

remember 

remembered 

tell 

told 

understand 

understood 

fool 

fooled 

walk 

walked 




LESSON 31. 


THE 

FIVE AND TEN-CENT 

STORE. 

lamp 

globe 

poker 

pure 

kerosene 

tin 

hanger 

else 

oil 

lasts 

polish 

surprised 

wick 

leather 

tooth 

name 

mantle 

candy 

brush 


chimney 

sweets 

variety 



In some cities there are five and ten-cent stores. In 
these stores you can find many useful things. The house¬ 
keeper can find frying pans, dishes, kettles, tin covers for 
the kettles, water pails, dust pans, pokers, etc. If you 
—44— 




burn gas you can find mantles and globes for your gas 
lights; or if you use kerosene oil lamps, you can buy there 
your lamp chimneys and wicks. The boys and girls will 
find pure candy and other sweets. The men can find sole 
leather, shoe nails, lasts, hangers for their clothes, combs, 
hair brushes, tooth brushes, shoe polish and other neces¬ 
sary things, that they would not know where else to buy. 

If you go into one of these stores and walk around you 
will be surprised at the variety of useful things you can 
buy there. 

Do you have a five and ten-cent store in your town? 
Did you have such stores in your country? What can a 
woman buy at the five and ten-cent store? What can the 
boys and girls buy? What can men buy in such a store? 
Can you name all the things in a ten-cent store? Can you 
buy a suit of clothes in the ten-cent store? Why not? 
surprise surprised name named 


LESSON 32. 


THE SUNDAY SCHOOL. 


session 

hymn 

brief 

lock 

study 

remarks 

equal 

gather 

class 

prayer 

immediately 

take 

collection 

auditorium 

attend 

rise 

review 

stranger 

inspire 

stand 

superintendent 

rich 

give 

close 

signal 

fervent 

edify 



It is Sunday morning. We rise a little later than on 
other days. We had our breakfast, cleaned up, dressed in 
our Sunday clothes, locked up the house, and all of us went 
to church. 

From a quarter of ten to eleven o'clock we attended 
the Sunday school. Each went to his or her class. We en¬ 
joyed the singing and the study of God's word. At the end 
of the lesson each class took up a collection. At a given 
signal the whole Sunday school gathered in the big church 
— 45 — 



auditorium. The superintendent took up the review of the 
lesson. Again we sang some inspiring hymns, and the 
superintendent made some brief edifying remarks on the 
lesson, and closed the session with a fervent prayer. 

The people stood up, walked around and shook hands 
with their friends. They also welcomed the strangers. It 
is all so different from what we had in the old country. 
Rich and poor talked together. All were equal in the house 
of God. 

Do you rise on Sunday just as early as you do on week 
days? What do you do after breakfast? At what time is 
the Sunday school in session? Do all the people sit in one 
class? What do you do in the Sunday school? Do you like 
to sing hymns? Do you like to study the word of God? 
What did each class do at the end of the lesson? Where 
do they have the review of the lesson? What does the 
suprintendent do? Do the people go home immediately af¬ 
ter the prayer? What do they do? Do they speak to the 
strangers? Do you do so in the old country? Do the rich 
people there shake hands and speak to the poor? This is a 


great country, is it not? 



attend 

attended 

inspire 

inspired 

edify 

edified 

lock 

locked 

gather 

gathered 

stand 

stood 

close 

closed 


‘ ~ [T'r 


give 

gave 

given 


rise 

rose 

risen 


LESSON 33. 


THE SUNDAY MORNING SERVICE. 


service 

minister 

congregation 

new-comer 

usher 

seat 


doxology 

passage 

sermon 

benediction 

closing 

life 


heaven 

important 

proper 

beautiful 

eternal 

coming 


— 46 — 


distributed 

preached 

offered 

read 

die 

worship 



calendar 
pipe organ 
choir 


faith 

love 

salvation 


accustomed feel 
beautifully shown 
spiritually 


A few minutes after the closing of the Sunday 
school lesson, the big pipe organ began to play some very 
fine music. The people seated themselves in their accus¬ 
tomed seats. The new-comers were shown to a seat by the 
ushers, who distributed also the church calendars, contain¬ 
ing the order of the morning and the evening services, and 
some important church notices for the coming week. The 
service proper began with the “doxology.” A number of 
beautiful hymns were sung by the choir and the congre¬ 
gation, standing; prayers were offered; a collection was 
taken; the minister read passages from the Word of God 
and preached a sermon on “the Love of God. ,, He told us, 
that God’s love was so great, that He gave His only son 
to die for our sins, that through faith in Him we may have 
eternal life. Then he closed with a prayer and the bene¬ 
diction. When the people stood up to go, the organ was 
playing so beautifully, that we felt the place was like 
heaven—a real House of God. 

We like to go to the American churches. There we 
hear the best English spoken, worship God spiritually, 
learn the way of salvation, and become acquainted with the 
best American people. 

When did the organ start playing? What did the peo¬ 
ple do? What were the ushers doing? What does the 
church calendar contain? When did the service proper be¬ 
gin? Was the doxology the only thing they sang? Who 
were singing? Were there any prayers offered? Who 
prayed? Did the minister read from the Word of God? 
About what did he preach? How did he close the service? 
Did they take up a collection? Did you put anything in the 
collection? Do you like to go to the American churches? 
Why? 


- 47 — 


beautiful 

beautifully 

spiritual 

spiritually 

eternal 

eternally 

faithful 

faithfully 

distribute 

distributed 

preach 

preached 

offer 

offered 

read 

read 

die 

died 

worship 

worshipped 

feel 

felt 




show showed shown 

come came come 


LESSON 34. 


WASH DAY. 


boiler 

blouse 

folding 

soak 

machine 

line 

special 

wrung 

bench 

wind 

about 

hang 

wringer 

flat-iron 

boiling 

heats 

tub 

attention 

starching 

blow 

batch 

another 

satisfied 



My wife prefers to wash on Monday, and finish that 
part of her work early in the week. In the morning I fill 
up the boiler w T ith water and set it on the stove. My wife 
is not satisfied by the work done by the washing ma¬ 
chines. We have a folding bench wirnger. There is a 
bench on each side for a wash tub. Into one of the tubs 
she puts the white things, and into the other the colored. 
Then she covers them with warm water, not boiling hot, 
to soak. After they soak for a while she rubs them with 
soap and rubs them on the wash-board. She pays special 
attention to the cuffs and collars, which are the dirtiest 
part of the garments. She dips the things rubbed in this 
way in the tub and washes them in the water, then passes 
them through the wringer, and puts them in a big pan. 

When she gets about a boiler full of white things 
washed, she puts them into the boiler to be boiled for some 
time. While the clothes are boiling she prepares another 
batch of clothes to be boiled. When the white things are 
all done, she washes the colored things. Of course, she 

— 48 — 



washes and boils the cleanest things first and the dirtiest 
last. 

The clothes she takes out of the boiler she rinses in 
cold water and then wrings them again. If she wants to 
blue any of the white things, she puts the bluing in the 
cold water. The clothes wrung out of the cold water are 
ready to hang on the clothes line to dry. They must be 
pinned on the line with clothes pins so the wind will not 
blow them away. Waists, blouses, underskirts and other 
things that need starching are starched soon after they 
are wrung out of the cold water. 

If the weather is good and the washing is dried, my 
wife irons on Tuesday. She heats the flat irons on the 
stove. 

When does your wife wash clothes? Why does she 
wash on Monday? Do you use a washing machine? Why 
not? What does your wife use in washing clothes? What 
is the first thing she does? What does she rub on the 
clothes? Does you wife use a wash-board? Which is the 
dirtiest part of a garment? Does she use a wringer? For 
what is the boiler used? Should the white and colored 
things be washed together? Why not? What things are 
washed first? What is to be done after boiling the clothes? 
Where do you hang the clothes to dry? What do you use 
to keep the clothes from blowing away from the clothes 


line? 

Does your wife iron your clothes? 


iron 

ironed 

dip 

dipped 

starch 

starched 

boil 

boiled 

fold 

folded 

satisfy 

satisfied 

soak 

soaked 

hang 

hung 

dry 

dried 

wring 

wrung 

heat 

heated 

prefer 

preferred 


blow blew blown 


— 49 — 




LESSON 35. 


HOUSE CLEANING. 


health 

land 

waste 

scrub 

disease 

premises 

general 

enter 

mat 

cleanliness 

sure 

mop 

cuspidor 

godliness 

whether 

throw 

suds 

preservation 

afterward 

stink 

sewer 

purpose 

thoroughly 

breed 

garbage 

none 

mean 



It is very important that we should wear clean clothes, 
but it is equally impotrant that our houses be kept clean 
also. This has much to do with the preservation of our 
health. 

My wife has two general house cleanings a year—one 
in the spring and one in the fall. After the house is 
thoroughly cleaned and the floors scrubbed, it is easier to 
keep it clean. The kitchen we mop once a week. The 
rest of the house is mopped once a month. The house must 
be swept at least once a day. We all help to keep the house 
clean. Before we enter the house we wipe our feet on the 
door mat. As none of us smoke we have no need to spit. 
But whether you smoke or not be sure that you do not 
spit in the house. In case you must spit use the cuspidor. 
We do not throw waste paper on the floor. All garbage is 
put in a big can kept on the back porch for that purpose. 
All suds and unclean water goes into the sewer. If thrown 
into the yard they stink and breed all kinds of disease. 
If everyone kept his premises clean, we would have no 
trouble in keeping our city clean. 

God gave three times as much water as dry land. I 
think He meant that we should use it to keep clean. Clean¬ 
liness is next to Godliness. 

Is living in a clean house just as important as wear¬ 
ing clean clothes? How many times a year does your wife 
have a general house cleaning? What do you do with dirty 
floors? How often do you mop the kitchen floor? How 

— 50 — 


often do you mop the rest of the house ? How often do you 
sweep the house? Should you spit in the house? What 
must we use, if we must spit? Where do you put the gar¬ 
bage? What do you do with the suds and other dirty 
water? Do you help to keep the house clean? Why should 
we keep our premises clean? 


clean 

unclean 

necessary 

unnecessary 

important 

unimportant wholesome 

unwholesome 

mean 

meant 

scrub 

scrubbed 

enter 

entered 

mop 

mopped 

stink 

stunk 

breed 

bred 


throw 

threw 

thrown 



LESSON 36. 



PERSONAL CLEANLINESS. 

subject 

strength 

Lord's 

believe 

interest 

blessing 

printed 

join 

coolness 

bath 

neat 

repeat 

parlor 

faucet 

plenty 

bid 

Bible 

gown 

partake 

retire 

heart 

matter 

converse 

sleep 

goodness 

home 

kneel 

report 


When I come from work in the evening I take off my 
coat and top shirt, go to the sink, turn the faucet, and 
wash my hands, face, head and neck. I use plenty of water 
and soap. Then I dry myself on a clean towel. That makes 
me feel fresh. My wife is ready with the supper and we 
partake of our evening meal. After supper I go out on the 
porch, sit down on the settee and look over my papers. I 
have no time to look at the papers in the morning. Some¬ 
times the whole family sit out on the porch and we con¬ 
verse on different subjects of common interest, and enjoy 
the evening coolness. 

We retire at nine o'clock, but before going to bed I 
gather the whole family in the parlor, take down my Bible, 
read a short passage and then we all kneel down in prayer. 

— 51 — 



We do not use printed prayers. I pray from my heart. I 
thank God for His goodness to us, for the health and 
strength He has given us. We ask Him to keep us in safety 
through the night, and give us salvation with all other 
spiritual blessings. We pray also for our country and all 
our friends. Sometimes the whole family join in the 
Lord's Prayer. After prayers we bid each other good night 
and retire. 

We do not sleep in the clothes we wore in the day time. 
We take them off and put on our night gowns. In that 
way we can rest better. 

On week days I rise at five o'clock in the morning in 
order that I may be ready, have breakfast, and report for 
work at seven o'clock. 

We believe in wearing clean clothes and living in a 
clean house, but we believe that for our health we must 
keep our bodies clean also. I take a bath at least once a 
week. We have no bath room in our house, but I go to some 
public bath. It costs only a few cents. Sometimes we 
warm some water and take a bath in the wash tub, after 
the children have gone to bed. 

No matter how poor we are, if we keep ourselves clean 
and neat, people will have respect for us. 

What do you do when you come home in the evening? 
Where do you wash yourself? With what do you dry your¬ 
self? How do you feel after you wash? When do you 
have supper? What do you do after supper? Why do you 
not read your papers in the morning? Does your family 
come out on the porch? What do you do when all of you 
are on the porch? What time do you go to bed? What do 
you do before retiring? Do you use printed prayers? How 
do you pray? Do you use the Lord's Prayer? What do you 
do after prayers? Do you sleep in the clothes you wear 
in the day time? What do you put on? What time do you 
rise in the morning? Why do you rise so early? How 
often do you take a bath? Have you a bath room? Where 
do you take a bath ? Can you take a bath in the wash tub ? 
Why should we bathe? 


— 52 — 


good 

goodness 

cool coolness 

godly 

godliness 

cleanly cleanliness 

print 

printed 

converse 

conversed 

report 

reported 

believe 

believed 

retire 

retired 

join 

joined 

kneel 

knelt 

sleep 

slept 

repeat 

repeated 

dry 

dried 

partake 

partook 

partaken 

bid 

bade 

bidden 



LESSON 37. 



THE POST OFFICE. 


desk 

mail-carrier 

corner 

today 

pen-holder 

photograph 

pocket 

regularly 

pen-points 

parcel 

grade 

unreasonably 

ink 

merchandise 

delivery 

sealed 

tablet 

weight 

registry 

provided 

package 

distance 

ruled 

required 

envelopes 

rate 

linen 

depend 

stamp 

receipt 

permanent 

sent 

letter 

farmer 

bulky 

carry 

mail 

world 

rural 

register 

mail-collector 

route 

above 

drop 


Yesterday I went to the book store and bought a ten 
cent bottle of ink, a five cent pen holder, a nickel's worth 
of pen points, a ten cent tablet of ruled linen paper, and 
a ten cent package of envelopes. You can buy stamped 
envelopes at the post office. They are a very good grade, 
and you pay only a little above the cost of the stamps. You 
can get also stamped newspaper wrappers, and little books 
of stamps to carry in the vest pocket or to keep on your 
desk. 

Today I wrote a letter to my brother. He is greatly 
interested in America, so I wrote and told him that this is 
a great country. When my letter was done I folded it up, 
put it in an envelope, sealed it, addressed it, put my return 

— 53 — 



address in the left upper corner of the envelope and a five 
cent stamp in the right upper corner. It costs five cents 
to send a letter to the old country. For places in this coun¬ 
try only a two cent stamp is necessary. I did not have time 
to go to the post office to mail my letter, so I dropped it into 
the mail box on the street corner. The mail collector passes 
several times a day and gets the mail from these boxes 
and carries it to the post office. 

We are not required to go to the post office to get our 
mail. The letter carrier brings it to us at the house. Peo¬ 
ple that have no permanent address have their letters 
sent “General Delivery.” In such cases they must go to the 
post office and ask for their mail at the general delivery 
window, or they can rent a post office box for very little 
money. 

It is better to register valuable letters. You go to the 
stamp window and ask for a registry stamp. It costs ten 
cents. Do not forget to put the two cent stamp also on the 
envelope. Then go to the registry window. The clerk there 
will receive your letter and give you a receipt. If you wish 
to be sure that your letter was received by the person ad¬ 
dressed, you can ask for a return receipt. It does not cost 
you anything. 

Newspapers, books, photographs and some other things 
can be sent cheaper. Now there is a parcel post. You can 
send by mail any kind of merchandise or produce, provided 
your package is not over fifty pounds, within 150 miles, or 
twenty pounds beyond that distance, and unreasonably long * 
or very bulky. For large packages the rate depends on 
the weight and distance. 

Out in the country they have free rural delivery. The 
mail carrier goes regularly on his route. Every farmer has 
a mail box. He puts in it the letters he wishes to send. 
The mail carrier takes the letters, and leaves in it the mail 
addressed to the farmer. 

The United States has the best mail service in the 
world. 

What things are necessary to write a letter? Where 

—54— 


do you buy these things? Where do you buy stamps and 
stamped envelopes? When your letter is ready, where do 
you put the stamp? Where do you write the return ad¬ 
dress? How much does it cost to send a letter anywhere 
in the U. S.? How much does it cost to send a letter to 
Europe? What do you do with valuable letters? How do 
you register a letter? How much does it cost? What does 
it cost to get a return receipt? Must you go to the post 
office to mail a letter? Do you go to the post office to get 
your letters? What is general delivery? Can you rent a 
post office box? Who is a letter carrier? Who is a mail 
collector? Who is a mail carrier? What is rural free de¬ 
livery? What things can you send by parcel post? What 
do you think about the U. S. mail service? 


mail 

mailed 

seal 

sealed 

provide 

provided 

require 

required 

depend 

depended 

send 

sent 

carry 

carried 

register 

registered 

drop 

dropped 

collect 

collected 


LESSON 38. 


THE POST OFFICE SAVINGS AND MONEY ORDER 
DEPARTMENT. 


department 

length 

tracer 

never 

savings 

charge 

domestic 

deposited 

interest 

exchange 

foreign 

lost 

limit 

agency 

civilized 

refund 

government 

clerk 

responsible 

enclose 

bank 

blank 

less 



The post offices in the larger cities have a savings de¬ 
partment. The interest is less than at the banks, but it is 
the safest place on earth to keep money. The United States 
government is responsible for the money deposited at the 
post office. You cannot put in more than one hundred dol¬ 
lars a month, and the limit of your deposits is five hundred 
dollars. 


— 55 — 



You can send money anywhere in the civilized world 
by a post office money order. The charges are very rea¬ 
sonable, besides it is the safest way to send money. Be 
very careful of the foreign exchange agencies. Their 
charges are high at times, and they are not very safe. When 
you want to send money, go to the post office and ask for 
a money order application blank at the money order win¬ 
dow. Be sure to tell the clerk whether you want a blank 
for domestic or foreign money order. The domestic money 
order consists of two papers—the larger one you inclose 
in your letter and send it to the person who is to receive 
the money, the smaller is a receipt for you to keep. When 
you send money to the old country you get only a receipt 
to keep. The post office takes care of the rest. If after 
a reasonable length of time your money is not received by 
the person to whom you sent it, go to the post office, show 
your receipt to the clerk at the money order window, tell the 
clerk that your money order was not received, and he will 
start a tracer after the lost money order. If it is really 
lost, the post office will refund your money, or will give 
you another money order. You may wait for some time, 
but your money will never be lost. 

Does the post office in your city have a savings de¬ 
partment? Is your post office a safe place to deposit 
money? Why? How much money can you deposit each 
month? What is the largest amount of money you can 
deposit in the post office? Can you send money to the old 
country by a post office money order? Are the little 
agencies run by foreigners just as safe as the U. S. post 
office? Where do you get a post office money order? 
How do you get it? What do you do if your money is not 
received by the person to whom you sent it? Is there any 
danger of losing your money by sending it through the 
U. S. post office? 

lose lost deposit deposited 

refund refunded enclose enclosed 

(Procure application blanks for Domestic and International Money 
Orders, and show the students how to fill them out.) 

— 56 — 


Denver, Colo., March 16, 1915. 


Post Master, 

Kansas City, Kansas. 

Dear Sir: 

Please forward all letters coming to address: Joseph 
Novak, 215 Ohio Ave., Kansas City, Kansas, to my new 
address, 1265 Washington Ave., Denver, Colo. 

Yours truly, 

Joseph Novak. 


LESSON 39. 

THE BANK. 


foreigner 

note 

checking 

rob 

countryman 

slip 

far 

sign 

landlady 

check 

whenever 

fail 

boarder 

draft 

quite 

happen 

trunk 

per cent 

even 

bear 

business 

per annum 

stolen 

been 

president 

maturity 

recommended 

guaranteed 

cashier 

expenses 

pretend 

kill 

pass-book 

state 

entrust 

conduct 


Many foreigners keep their savings on their persons, 
in their trunk, with the landlady or with some countryman 
who happens to conduct a little business. This is a bad 
practice. Quite a number of people lose their money by 
being held-up or robbed. Some have been even killed on 
account of their money. Landladies have often run away 
with the savings of their boarders, or have pretended that 
the money was stolen. Business men have often failed and 
have lost the money entrusted to them. At the best your 
savings do not bring you any interest. It is a poor plan 
to send your money to some bank in the old country. 

There are many banks in America. Most of them are 
far safer than any old country bank. In a great many 
American banks the deposits of the people are guaranteed 
by the state. Ask your night school teacher and he will 
recommend you to some good bank. If you have a larger 

—57— 



sum of money you can leave it in the bank for six months 
or a year. The bank will give you a deposit slip, signed 
by the cashier or the president of the bank. You will get 
three per cent interest per annum. If you need your money 
before the maturity of your note, you can get it by giving up 
the interest only. You can start a savings account with as 
little as one dollar, and then put in any amount of money 
that you may save every week. A savings account bears 
three per cent interest. The banker w r ill give you a pass 
book, with the first deposit, then every time you put in 
money he will enter the amount in your pass book. Before 
you turn away from the window see that the amount is 
equal to the money deposited. Or you can start a checking 
account. In such a case you deposit the money you may 
need for your current expenses, the banker gives you a pass 
book and a check book. Whenever you want to pay a man, 
instead of cash, you can write him a check. This is a very 
good way to do business. Checking accounts bear no in¬ 
terest. 

If you want to send money to some place in this coun¬ 
try or in Europe you can get a bank draft. Send it to your 
friends and they will have no trouble in cashing it. 

It is not what you make, but what you save that counts. 

Where do some people keep their savings? Is that a 
good plan? Where should one keep his money? What is 
a time deposit? What is a savings account? How much 
money does a man need to start a savings account? How 
much interest do the best banks pay on time deposits and 
savings accounts? What is a checking account? Do you 
get any interest on a checking account? Do you know how 
to write a check? Do you know how to cash a check or 
draft? Can you send money to the old country through the 
banks? Can you take out your money from the bank when 
you want it? 

recommend recommended kill killed 

guarantee guaranteed pretend pretended 

entrust entrusted rob robbed 

— 58 — 


sign 

happen 

steal 

bear 


signed 

happened 

stole 

bore 


fail 

conduct 

stolen 

borne 


failed 

conducted 


Kansas City, Mo..,.19. No. . 

THE NATIONAL BANK 

Pay to....or order, $. 

.DOLLARS 


PROMISSORY NOTES. 

$300. Kansas City, Kansas, Jan. 26, 1915. 

One year after date, I promise to pay John Pavlovsky, 
or order, the sum of three hundred dollars, with interest at 
7% from date. Value received. 

Mike Novosel. 


$1000. Kansas City, Kansas, Feb. 5, 1915. 

One year after date we, or either of us, promise to pay 
Peter Popoff, or order, one thousand dollars with interest 
at 6% from date. Value received. 

Petko Stoyanoff 
Niko Dimoff. 


$750. Kansas City, Kansas, May 13, 1915. 

For value received I promise to pay Henry C. Christoff, 
or order, on demand, seven hundred and fifty dollars, 'with 
interest. 

George Smith. 


— 59 — 













LESSON 40. 


THE TELEPHONE. 


drug store 

central 

whose 

finish 

station 

slot 

available 

suit 

telephone 

end 

good-bye 

find 

phone 

West 

hello 

draw 

receiver 

duty 

nor 

answer 


In America time is money. Do not waste your own 
time, nor that of others. If you have some business with 
somebody, finish your business and go. When you want 
to call on a doctor, a lawyer, a business man or anybody 
else you must telephone and find out if they have any time 
to see you and when. It will be wasting time to go and 
find out that they are not in the office. 

Do you know how to telephone? Let me telephone 
to Mr. Pavlovsky, whose number is West 324. I go to the 
phone, take off the receiver and put it to my ear. Then I 
draw the mouth piece close to my mouth. 

I hear central say: “Number.” 

I answer: “West, three two four, please.” 

I hear her ring up my friend. I can hear him take off 
his receiver. He says, “Hello.” 

I say: “Hello, is this Mr. Pavlovsky?” 

He answers: “Yes, who is this talking, please.” 

I tell him: “This is Christoff.” 

He says: “Yes, Mr. Christoff.” 

Then I say: “Mr. Pavlovsky, I would like to come to 
your office and have a talk with you. When will you have 
time to see me?” 

I hear him say: “Will half past three suit you?” 

I say: “That will suit me, thank you, good-bye.” 

I hear him say: “Good-bye.” 

Then I hang up the receiver. Always hang the re¬ 
ceiver on the hook. Do not set it on the telephone stand. 
If you do not have a phone at home, you can go to a drug 
store or to the grocery store where you trade and use their 
phone. If such are not available you can use a pay phone. 

—60— 


It will cost you only five cents to talk with anybody in 
town. You should not drop your nickel in the slot of the 
little box on the phone, marked “nickels,” till you are sure 
the right person is at the other end. 

Is time worth anything? Should we waste our time? 
What is our duty as to other people’s time? If you want 
to call on a doctor, a lawyer or some other person, what is 
the best thing to do before you go to see them? Have you 
seen a telephone? Do you know how to telephone? Let us 
see if you can do it? John will sit at that table and be the 
central. Peter at the other end of the room will be the 
friend to whom you wish to talk. When you are done tele¬ 
phoning, what do you do with the receiver? Why? How 
do you telephone at a pay station? Try it again with John 
as central and Peter as a doctor you want to call to see your 
sick friend. Now let Peter call you up. 
finish finished suit suited 

find found answer answered 

draw drew drawn 


LESSON 41. 


THE TELEGRAPH. 


telegraph 

telegram 

ocean 

cablegraph 

cablegram 

operator 


messenger 

message 

signature 

merchant 

property 

thought 


means 

example 

instance 

usual 

additional 

according 


across 

freely 

quickly 

obscuring 

communicate 

belong 


The telegraph is a good means of communicating 
quickly with friends who live at a great distance. Even 
with the fast mail service of today a letter would be too 
slow for many purposes. For instance, a man is very sick 
in Kansas City. He has a brother in New York, a sister 
in San Francisco, and a son in Jacksonville. He wants to 
see them before he dies. A letter will be too slow to reach 
them in time. His wife could get them by telephone, but 

— 61 — 



the usual way is to send each of them a telegram. Business 
men use the telegraph freely to find out the prices of goods 
and other things of interest to a merchant. 

The person who sends the messages by telegraph is 
called a telegraph operator. When you want to send a 
telegram go to the nearest telegraph office and ask for a 
blank. Write the date, the name and address of the per¬ 
son addressed, then write the message, and after that 
your signature and address. Make your message as 
brief as you can, without obscuring the thought. You 
are to pay for ten words and then so much for every addi¬ 
tional word. The rate differs with the distance. For ex¬ 
ample, you can telegraph from New York to Kansas City, 
Kansas at the rate of 60 cents for the first ten words and 
then 4 cents for every additional word. If you telegraph 
from the same city to Sitka, Alaska it will cost you $2.50 
for the first ten words, and 22 cents for each additional 
word. 

The telegraph across the ocean is called cablegraph; 
and the messages, cablegrams. If you want to cable to 
Bulgaria it will cost you 35 cents a word, to Germany, Eng¬ 
land, Ireland, France, Belgium and Holland 25 cents a 
word, to Austria 32 cents, to Russia in Europe 43 cents, 
to Italy 31 cents, to Greece 36 cents, etc., according to dis¬ 
tance. 

In the old country the telegraph belongs to the govern¬ 
ment and you find the telegraph office and the post office 
in the same building, but in the United States the telegraph 
is the property of private companies, and you will find the 
telegraph office at different places. Some companies send 
night letters, which are cheaper than the day letter. 

The boys who deliver the telegrams are called messenger 
boys. 

Which is faster a telegram or a letter? Do business 
men use the telegraph? Why? Whom do we call a tele¬ 
graph operator? Do you know how to write a telegram? 
On what does the rate depend? What is a cablegraph? 

— 62 — 


What is a cablegram? What will it cost you to cable to 
your country? Who owns the telegraphs in the United 
States? Whose are the telegraphs in the old country? 
Which is better ? What do we call the boys that deliver the 
telegrams ? 


cross 

crossed 

communicate 

communicated 

obscure 

obscured 

belong 

belonged 


LESSON 42. 



THE DOCTOR. 


settlement 

air 

sanitary 

abstain 

neighborhood 

question 

alcoholic 

breathe 

dispensary 

advice 

temperate 

worry 

headache 

ignorance 

needy 

imagine 

stomachache 

sort 

similar 

impose 

bowels 

in spite of 

among 

advertise 

chills 

congested 

however 

dwell 

sweat 

slight 

occasionally 

suffer 

constipation 

dreadful 

perfectly 

ails 

habit 

unscrupulous 

unfortunately 

locate 


Man is subject to all kinds of diseases. Living in con¬ 
gested settlements, where' many people dwell in a small 
house, under poor sanitary conditions, the foreigner is in 
greater danger of sickness than the American, who lives 
in a cleaner neighborhood and much better surroundings. 
To avoid sickness a person should live in a clean house, 
wear clean clothes, keep his body clean, eat wholesome food, 
drink pure water, abstain from alcoholic drinks, tobacco 
in any form, be perfectly temperate in all things and 
breathe plenty of fresh air. However, in spite of all these 
things a man will be sick occasionally. 

What shall we do in case of sickness? If I had a slight 
cold, a little headache or stomachache I would not go to a 
doctor, nor sit down and worry about it and try to imagine 
that I had some dreadful disease. Many people have the 
doctor habit and run to a doctor, when they have no need 
of him at all. But in case you are really sick, you must go 

— 63 — 



to a good doctor. He may ask you if your head aches, if 
you have chills, if your bowels move regularly, if you suf¬ 
fer from constipation, if you cough, if you have night 
sweats, if you have lost weight, etc. If you cannot an¬ 
swer these and other similar questions, you would better 
take a friend who can talk English well to help you. The 
doctor cannot do you much good if he cannot find out what 
your trouble is. 

As a rule doctors are a good class of people, but as is 
the case in any other class you will find among them some 
unscrupulous men. This sort of doctors look only for your 
money, and they will keep doctoring you as long as you 
have some money to give them. Unfortunately such doc¬ 
tors locate among the foreigners and impose on their igno¬ 
rance. Never go to doctors who advertise. Good doctors 
never do so. Keep away from a doctor who speaks all the 
time about money. There are a number of foreigners who 
act as agents for these doctors. Do not listen to their ad¬ 
vice. These people too want part of your money. If you 
live in a large city, ask for the free dispensary. Some of 
the very best doctors go to these dispensaries. Do not lis¬ 
ten to those who tell you that the free doctors are no good. 
They are good doctors and also good men, who care not for 
your money, but want to see you get well. At these dis¬ 
pensaries you can get the purest medicine at less than cost 
if you are needy. 

Why is the foreigner in greater danger of sickness 
than the American? What should a man do to avoid sick¬ 
ness? When shall we look for a doctor? Do you know 
any of the good doctors in your city ? Do you know how to 
tell the doctor what ails you ? Do you know how to answer 
his questions? Do you know what doctors to avoid? Do 
you have a free dispensary in your city? 


dwell 

dwelled 

abstain 

abstained 

breathe 

breathed 

worry 

worried 

imagine 

imagined 

impose 

imposed 

advertise 

advertised 

suffer 

suffered 

ail 

ailed 

locate 

located 


— 64 — 


LESSON 43. 


THE HOSPITAL. 


hospital 

fever 

train 

thankful 

charity 

pneumonia 

police 

obedient 

physician 

thermometer 

religion 

able 

surgeon 

temperature 

appreciation 

single 

specialist 

pulse 

typhoid 

whatever 

nurse 

construction 

dangerous 

manly 

patient 

section 

natural 

entirely 

ward 

mine 

clinical 

treat 


If a man has typhoid fever, pneumonia or some other 
dangerous disease, the best thing to do would be to take 
him to the hospital. If he is able to pay, it is manly and 
right for him to do so; but if he is not able, the city, state 
or charity hospital will take him in and treat him free of 
charge. 

In the hospital you will be under the care of a good 
physician or surgeon, who is a specialist in his line of 
work. Then the nurses will see that the sanitary condi¬ 
tions of the room or the ward are of the very best. 

If you are sick at some railroad section, natural gas 
pipe-line construction or some mine, where there is no 
hospital or a good doctor, take the train as quickly as you 
can and go to the nearest large city. If you have no 
friends there to take you to a hospital, go to the police and 
they will help you. 

At the hospital they will ask you for your name, your 
country, married or single, what religion, the address of 
your nearest friend, etc. Then they will give you a bath, 
and put you in a ward, according to the nature of your 
sickness. As soon as you go to bed the nurse will take 
your temperature with a clinical thermometer, which you 
must keep under your tongue, and at the same time she 
will feel your pulse. 

You must be obedient and do whatever you are told. 
The hospital people know what is best for you, and you 
must leave yourself entirely in their hands. Be very polite 

— 65 — 


to everybody and thankful for what they do for you. If 
you are a charity patient, do not forget the good you have 
received, and if you ever get any money, send some to the 
hospital to show your appreciation of the blessing you have 
received there. 

What is the best thing to do if you take a dangerous 
disease? Are there any hospitals in your city? Are they 
good hospitals? Do they have good doctors? Is there a 
hospital kept by sisters of charity? Are there any places 
where the patients are taken care of by nurses? Which 
kind of hospital do you prefer? Why? Are the hospitals 
in better sanitary condition than your home? If you are 
taken sick away from town, when you are at some con¬ 
struction work, what is the best thing to do? What ques¬ 
tions may they ask you at the hospital? Can you answer 
those questions? Have you seen a clinical thermometer? 
For what is it used? Can you feel your pulse? What is 
the proper thing to do when in the hospital? If a charity 
patient, what would be your duty to the hospital, when 
you become well and make some money? 


LESSON 44. 

THE DENTIST. 


dentist 

disorder 

wooden 

claim 

toothache 

treasure 

miserable 

neglect 

crown 

examination 

valuable 

break 

filling 

stuff 

busy 

examine 

powder 

advertisement extra 

drill 

forceps 

unpleasant 

perhaps 


cavity 

decayed 

almost 


indigestion 

false 

twice 



Good teeth are a great blessing to any man or woman. 
If our teeth are bad, or most of them entirely gone, we can¬ 
not chew our food well. This gives extra work to the 
stomach; and before we know it, we are subject to indi¬ 
gestion or some other stomach disorder. When our stom- 

— 66 — 



ach is in a bad condition we are miserable and sick. This 
shows what a valuable treasure good teeth are. You can¬ 
not take too much care of your teeth. Wash them at least 
twice a day with a good tooth brush and some tooth pow¬ 
der. Do not try to break nuts with your teeth. Do not 
drink too cold or too hot drinks. Do not try to break a 
thread with your teeth. 

It is a very good plan to go to a dentist several times 
a year and have your teeth examined. Do not wait till 
you have a toothache. Then it will cost you more to care 
for the tooth and the work will not be half so satisfactory. 
If at the examination of your teeth the dentist discovers 
some small cavities, he can fill them, and thus save you 
many unpleasant toothaches. When the dentist wants to 
fill a tooth cavity he drills the cavity till the decayed part 
is worked out and then puts in the filling. Sometimes 
people neglect their teeth so long that the dentist cannot 
fill them. In such cases he must make a gold crown and 
put it over the tooth. Many a time the tooth is past help¬ 
ing, and the dentist must use his forceps and pull it out. 
Perhaps you know how unpleasant it is to have a tooth 
pulled. Old or young persons, who have lost almost all 
their teeth, can have a set of false teeth made. 

Look out for the cheap dental companies who stick 
advertisements under your front door. They claim to 
guarantee their work, but that does not mean anything. 
Go to a good, reliable dentist. Such dentists never adver¬ 
tise and are always busy. Do not try to save money in 
caring for your teeth. 

What do we do with our teeth? What happens if our 
teeth are bad? Are the teeth very important for the pres¬ 
ervation of our health? Have you a tooth brush? How 
often do you wash your teeth? Why do you use tooth 
powder? Why should you not try to break nuts with your 
teeth? Is it good to drink too cold or too hot drinks? 
Why? Is it a good plan to wait till you have the toothache 
and then call on the dentist? Why? Did you ever have a 

— 67 — 


tooth filled? How did the dentist do it? Have you any 
gold teeth? How much do they cost? Did you ever have 
a tooth pulled? How did you like it? Who does your den¬ 
tist work? Are you sure you have a good dentist? 


claim 

claimed 

neglect 

neglected 

examine 

examined drill 

drilled 

treat 

treated 

decay 

decayed 


break 

broke broken 



LESSON 45. 



THE 

BARBER SHOP. 


shop 

shears 

liquid 

again 

barber 

clippers 

fee 

fasten 

customer 

razor 

turn 

trim 

negro 

hone 

tip 

apply 

post 

strop 

dull 

fan 

hook 

stroke 

wonderful 

shine 

mirror 

mug 

sharp 

employ 

whiskers 

lather 

occupied 

expect 

mustache 

perfume 

soiled 

remove 


I prefer to shave myself. In America people like to 
see your whiskers and mustache nicely shaved all the time. 
Some men shave every day. I shave every other day. I 
do not shave my mustache. I only trim it. I go to the 
barber shop only for a haircut. When my razor is dull I 
give it a few quick strokes on the strop. Occasionally I 
use my hone. 

When a man can afford it, a first class barber shop 
is the best and most pleasant place to be shaved. When 
you walk down the street you can see the big barber post 
painted red, white and blue. You go into the shop, and 
what a wonderful room it is inside. Look at the big mir¬ 
rors and the expensive barber chairs. There are fine 
chairs for the people to sit in while they wait for their 
turn. If the barber chairs are not all occupied, you take 
off your hat, coat and collar, hang them on the hooks, and 

— 68 — 



then walk to the big barber chair and sit in it. The bar¬ 
ber will put a cloth around you, which he fastens pretty 
close to your neck, so that no hairs can fall into your back. 
Then he cuts your hair the way you like it. If you wish 
your hair cut very short, he will use the clippers. Other¬ 
wise he will use his shears. After the haircut he gives 
you a shave. He knows how to soften your whiskers. He 
takes his mug, in which he has fine soap lather, and with 
the shaving brush applies the lather to your face. Then 
he takes a clean towel, wrings it out of hot water, covers 
your face with it, and leaves it there for a minute or so. 
This softens your whiskers. After removing the towel 
he lathers your face again. Then he takes his sharp razor 
and begins to shave. The razor goes so easy you feel like 
falling to sleep. How quickly the barber strops his razor. 
When your face is shaved the barber puts the hot towel 
on it and cleans up the lather. Then he will fan your face 
dry. Then takes some liquid perfume and applies it to 
your face. After that he puts some face powder on and 
wipes it off with a dry towel. He combs your hair, takes 
off the cloth from around you, and you are ready. It is 
your turn now to pay the fee. The usual price is 15c for 
a shave and 25c for a haircut. You can have your shoes 
shined at the barber shop while you are taking a shave. 

Many barber shops are agencies for some laundry. 
You can leave your soiled shirts and collars there. At 
others you can take a bath. The barber shops employ 
young negro men to do the shoe shining and cleaning up 
around the shop. These young negro men are very polite 
to the customers. They brush their clothes and hat. Of 
course, they expect a little tip. 

Do you shave yourself, or do you go to the barber 
shop? Do you shave your mustache? How often do you 
shave? Do you know how to keep your razor sharp? How 
do you sharpen your razor? Have you a strop? Do you 
know how to hone a razor? How often do you have a 
haircut? Have you been in an American barber shop? 
What do you see on the inside of a barber shop? Tell 

—69—' 


me how the barber shaves the people. Which is more pleas¬ 
ant, to shave yourself or have the barber shave you? How 
much does a shave cost? How much do you pay for a 
haircut? Can you have your shoes shined at the barber 
shop? Can you leave your laundry there? Can you take 
a bath at any barber shop? Whom do the barbers employ 
to do the general cleaning around the shop? 


fasten 

fastened 

trim 

trimmed 

apply 

applied 

fan 

fanned 

shine 

shined 

employ 

employed 

expect 

expected 

remove 

removed 



LESSON 46. 



THE 

STREET CAR. 


convenience 

exit 

distant 

hire 

motion 

conductor 

wrong 

ride 

mile 

transfer 

rear 

hurt 

conveyance 

bell 

alone 

approach 

track 

east 

vain 

step 

pole 

band 

directly 


entrance 

double 

rather 



What great conveniences are the street cars in the big 
American cities. For a nickel you can ride several miles. 
If you hired a private conveyance it would cost you, per¬ 
haps, one or two dollars to ride the same distance. If you 
wish to go to a distant part of the city, go to the street 
car line and stand on the street corner, where the car stops. 
Usually there is a white band painted around the pole with 
the words, “Cars Stop Here,” in big black letters. Some 
streets have a single track, others have a double track. 
Where the track is double, look out that you do not enter 
a car which will take you in the wrong direction. If you 
wish to go East, turn your face in that direction, then walk 
to the right hand side of the street and take the car that 
goes on that side. 

When the car that you wish to take approaches the 
- 70 - 



corner, step a little closer to the track, so that the motor- 
man will see that you want to stop his car. The car will 
stop, and you board it at the rear entrance. Wait till the 
car stops. Do not try to board it while it is yet in motion. 
Many people are hurt in that way. Have your nickel ready 
and pay your fare to the conductor. If the car is not 
going directly where you want to go, ask for a transfer, 
when you pay the fare. You must not smoke or spit on 
the car. If you are with some friend, do not talk or laugh 
very loudly. If alone, do not try to occupy a whole seat. 
If a lady boards the car, when all seats are occupied, and 
she stands near you, it is polite for you to rise and offer 
her your seat. If you are sitting next to a colored man 
or woman, it will be in vain to offer your seat to a lady. 
Most white women prefer to stand up, rather than sit next 
to a negro. When you approach the corner where you wish 
to stop, ring the bell in time, so that the motorman can 
stop the car. Leave the car by the front exit. Wait till 
the car stops. 

Safety first. 

Do you live in a large city? Do you use the street 
car? Do you know where to take the car you want? On 
what side of the street do you wait for the car? Is it safe 
to jump on the car while it is in motion? Is it right to 
cheat the company out of the fare? When do you ask for 
a transfer? Who is the conductor? What is the motor- 
man doing? Is it proper to smoke or spit in the car? Is 
it polite to speak loudly or laugh violently in the car? Is 
it polite for you to be seated while a lady is standing by 
your side? What do you do when you want to stop? What 
do you do, if you do not know where to transfer? 



East West 

North 

South 

hire 

hired 

step 

stepped 

hurt 

hurt 

approach 

approached 

cheat 

cheated 

ride 

rode 

ridden 


— 71 — 


LESSON 47. 


TRAVELING BY TRAIN. 


town 

basket 

adult 

entitled 

depot 

baggage 

ice 

supposed 

gate 

journey 

toilet 

miss 

engine 

accommo¬ 

comfortable 

travel 

coach 

dation 

checked 

direct 

express 
suit case 

destination 

transportation 

bothered 

procure 


When you wish to go from one city to another, you 
must go by train. You enter the train at the depot. In 
the great cities, where many trains come and go every day, 
the stations are very large. You must find out at what 
time your train leaves, and go at least fifteen minutes 
before that time. It is better to wait a few minutes than 
to miss your train. Get your ticket at the ticket office. 
If you have more baggage than can be put into a suit case, 
you can put the rest of it in a trunk and have it checked. 
At the baggage desk they will give you a check, and then 
you are not bothered with your baggage. Every adult is 
entitled to 150 pounds free transportation of baggage on 
his ticket. You will look for your baggage at the other 
end of your journey. If your train is not on the track, 
you can take a seat in the waiting room. If you wish to 
find anything about your train you can ask the man at 
the Information Bureau. There is a man who calls the 
names of the towns and the trains. If you cannot under¬ 
stand him, five minutes before your train is supposed to 
start, go to the gateman and show him your ticket. He 
will direct you where to find your train. 

The train consists of a big engine, a baggage car, a 
mail car, an express car, a dining car and several passen¬ 
ger cars. There are day coaches and sleeping cars. If 
you want to take a sleeping car you must pay something 
extra. The conductor will show you what car to board. 
You can get something to eat on the train; however, it is 
very expensive. It is much better to have a lunch basket. 

—72— 


There is good ice water on every train, but you must have 
your own cup. A man becomes very dirty on the cars. When 
you approach your destination you can wash and clean up 
on the train, but if you are going to a large city you may 
wait till you leave the train and clean up in the toilet room 
at the depot. There you will always find hot and cold 
water, soap, etc. You can also find a first class barber 
shop at the depot. 

The American trains and stations are the most com¬ 
fortable and have the best accommodations in the world. 

How do we travel in America? Where do you take 
the train? Will the train wait for you? Where do you 
procure your ticket? Where do you check your baggage? 
To how much free transportation of baggage is each adult 
person entitled? What is the waiting room? What is the 
Information Bureau? Who will show you what car to 
board? What is the dining car? Are the meals cheap 
on the train ? What is the best thing to do for your meals ? 
Where do you find drinking water? Are there any com¬ 
mon drinking cups? Why? Gan you wash and clean up 
on the train? What do you think about the American 


trains ? 

check checked bother bothered 

entitle entitled suppose supposed 

miss missed travel traveled 

direct directed procure procured 


12 inches =1 foot...ft. 

3 feet = 1 yard. yd. 

5 y 2 yards or 1 6y 2 feet — 1 rod.rd. 

320 rods or 5,280 feet = 1 mile.mi. 


LESSON 48. 

CONSUMPTION. 

consumption flesh difficult floating 

consumptive degree absolute increasing 

—73— 








microbe 

necessity 

weakened 

developed 

lungs 

chance 

wherever 

tainted 

pool 

preventive 

against 

gain 

saloon 

cure 

weak 

guard 

park 

balmy 

steadily 

fit 

sanitarium 

impure 

fumigating 

seek 


The number of consumptives among the foreign peo¬ 
ple is surprising. This number is steadily 1 increasing. 
Everybody is in danger of taking this dreadful disease. 
It is a very difficult matter to guard against consumption. 
The microbes of this disease are floating in the air we 
breathe wherever we go. These microbes are developed 
in the lungs of the consumptives. When they cough and 
spit on the sidewalk, in the street car, the factory or at 
home, the spittle dries up, the microbes are lifted up in 
the air, and seek for a home in the lungs of a weakened 
man, woman or child. 

What can we do to guard ourselves against consump¬ 
tion? 

Keep your body in as high a degree of health as it is 
possible. Eat wholesome food. Abstain from alcoholic 
drinks and tobacco. These things weaken your body, espe¬ 
cially your lungs, and make you a fit subject for the dis¬ 
ease. Take a bath at least once a week. Many barber 
shops have baths. Fresh air is an absolute necessity for 
your health. In the factory, the pool hall, the saloon, even 
your home, the air is very impure. Go to the nearest city 
park and breathe the balmy air for at least two hours 
every day. I know you can do it. Many spend twice as 
much time in the saloon every day. 

If you notice that you are growing weak, losing 
weight, with a touch of cough and night sweats, be sure 
to see a good doctor and have your lungs examined. In 
case you already have consumption, it is your duty to see 
that you do not give it to others. Spit only in paper boxes, 
and burn them up in the stove. These boxes will be fur¬ 
nished to you free of charge. Ask for them at the city 


- 74 - 


health department. Keep yourself clean. Remember, that 
fresh air and good food are the best preventives and cure 
for consumption. Try to gain flesh. If you have a chance 
to go to a sanitarium, do so. Let everybody have his own 
drinking cup. Never move into a house tainted by con¬ 
sumption without fumigating it. 

Have you seen a consumptive? Are we in danger of 
taking consumption? Why? How can we guard against 
it? Are fresh air and wholesome food necessary? What 
about cleanliness? Is it safe for one to spit where he 
pleases? What should we do, if we think we have con¬ 
sumption? Shall we drink from a common cup? What 
about moving into a house tainted by consumption? 


fumigate 

fumigated 

float 

floated 

increase 

increased 

develop 

developed 

weaken 

weakened 

gain 

gained 

guard 

guarded 

fit 

fitted 

seek 

sought 




LESSON 49. 



THE, 

CITY PARK. 


improvement 

beach 

gasoline 

row 

forest 

sand 

artificial 

swim 

flower 

vehicle 

nominal 

bloom 

lily 

automobile 

playful 

abuse 

fountain 

pedestrian 

outside 

damage 

basin 

invalid 

along 

tease 

path 

zoo 

graveled 

bubbling 

lake 

trash 

oiled 

diving 

boat 

refuse 

reserved 

splashing 

launch 

size 

worn 

cooling 


Every large city in America has a number of city 
parks. Most of the parks are outside the city, but a few 
of them, of course not very large ones, are in the city 
itself. The large parks are well kept, with plenty of shade 
trees, pleasant walks and drives. Those within the city 
— 75 — 



limits are kept like a rich man’s flower garden. No vehi¬ 
cles of any kind are allowed to pass through them. The 
walks are cemented or graveled. The flowers are well 
attended. The grass cut and watered by people paid by 
the city. Nice benches are seen all along the walks. Here 
and there you will see drinking places with bubbling 
water, or a beautiful fountain in a good sized basin in 
which the water lilies bloom and the playful goldfishes 
swim. All this is for the free use of the people. Rich and 
poor, young and old, the well and the invalids, can enjoy 
themselves in the parks and breathe the fresh air. 

The large parks are mostly natural forests, with some 
artificial improvements. The automobile drives are well 
oiled. The walks for the pedestrians are natural footworn 
paths. Some of these parks have a zoo with a variety of 
animals. Perhaps, a lake with row boats and gasoline 
launches. You can enjoy these for just a nominal fee. 
May be, a corner of the lake is reserved for a bathing 
beach, where men, women and children have the pleasure 
of their lives, diving, swimming and splashing in the cool¬ 
ing water or rolling on the sand. 

You should make good use of these parks. You can 
go to some of the small parks in the city every day, and 
occasionally to one of the big parks. We must come in 
touch with nature as often as we can. The parks must 
not be abused. We must help to keep them clean. We 
must not pick the flowers. In the small parks we must 
keep off the grass. We must not damage the trees, or 
tease the animals and birds. Of course, everybody knows, 
that we must not take any dogs into the parks. At the 
large parks the public is allowed to sit on the grass under 
the shade trees. We can take our lunch baskets and eat 
on the green grass. We must use the trash boxes provided 
for waste paper and all kinds of refuse. 

Do not neglect to make a good use of the public parks.. 

Are there any parks in your city? What are some 
of the things you see in a park? Do you like to go to the 
parks? Who can go to the parks? Do you have to pay 

— 76 — 


for the use of the public parks? Is there a lake in some 
of your parks? Do you like to bathe in cold water? Can 
you row? 


bloom 

bloomed 

oil 

oiled 

abuse 

abused 

tease 

teased 

bubble 

bubbled 

reserve 

reserved 

dive 

dived 

splash 

splashed 

cool 

cooled 

row 

rowed 


swim 

swam 

swum 


wear 

wore 

worn 


LESSON 50. 



INSURANCE. 


insurance 

nation 

impossible 

barely 

organization 

nationality 

considerable financially 

order 

laborer 

ignorant 

existing 

branch 

foundation 

intelligent 

organize 

lodge 

death 

laboring 

suspend 

sum 

type 

certain 

canvass 

wages 

national 

wide 

constitute 

dues 

fraternal 

monthly 

insure 

benefit 

financial 

weekly 


The laboring man works at very 

small wages, and 

quite often 

is left without 

any work or pay for a consid- 

erable length of time. In this way he 

can barely provide 

food and clothing for his family and pay house rent. The 

great majority of the foreigners belong to the laboring 

class. It is the duty of every man to provide something 

that will help him in case 

of sickness, 

or help his family 


in case of his death. Working at such low wages it is im¬ 
possible for him to put much in the bank; however, there 
are societies organized in which the laboring man can in¬ 
sure a certain amount of money to be paid to him weekly 
when sick, and in case of his death, a larger sum for his 
family. Many of these societies are nation-wide, and built 
on a solid financial foundation. They have branches in 
— 77 — 



many cities. These branch societies are called lodges. All 
existing lodges constitute what is called a Fraternal Order. 
This is not the best kind of insurance, but it is the only 
one possible for the working man. It is the duty of every 
foreign laborer to join one or two of these orders while 
in good health. He must do his best to pay his monthly 
dues in time, and not let himself be suspended. 

There are very many insurance societies of the type 
of fraternal orders, whose agents canvass the foreign 
quarters and tell the ignorant people all kinds of stories. 
Look out for such agents. You must not believe half of 
what they say. About such matters you must ask your 
night school teacher, or some intelligent countryman, who 
is not financially interested in any lodge. 

The people of almost all foreign nationalities in Amer¬ 
ica have their own National Fraternal Organizations. As 
a rule, these national organizations are good and safe. 

Does the laboring man get good wages? Can he save 
much money to put in the bank? Why? How can a labor¬ 
ing man provide for himself or his family in case of sick¬ 
ness or death? Do you belong to a lodge? What is the 
name of the fraternal order to which you belong? How 
much are your monthly dues? How much sick benefit can 
you get? How much is to be paid to your family after 
your death? Is the fraternal insurance the best kind of 
insurance? Why ? Of what nationality are you? Do you 
have a national organization in America? Can you get 
any insurance by joining your national organization? 

exist existed organize oganized 

suspend suspended canvass canvassed 

constitute constituted insure insured 


LESSON 51 . 


undertaker 

angel 


THE UNDERTAKER. 

cemetery permit appointed 

grave occasion desired 

— 78 — 



dead 


coffin 

casket 

hearse 

hack 

motor 


wedding occur 

display visit 

simplicity dig 

plain choose 

appropriate 


deceased 

remains 

funeral 

burial 


Early or late the angel of death will make his visit 
to every home. No matter how long we live, some day we 
are to be numbered with the dead. It is necessary that 
we should know what to do in case of death in the family. 

In the old country a few friends will fix up a simple 
coffin out of plain boards, which is painted or covered with 
some kind of cloth. Other friends will go to the cemetery 
and dig a grave, or hire some poor man to do it. Here in 
America everything is different. As soon as death occurs 
you go to some undertaker. He will show you all kinds of 
caskets. You choose what you like. Then the undertaker 
will send his man to prepare the dead and put him in the 
casket. After which the deceased (in his casket) is re¬ 
moved to the best room of the house where his friends 
can come to see his remains. The undertaker gets the 
funeral permit and orders the grave prepared. At the 
appointed hour he comes with a beautiful hearse for the 
dead, and some hacks for his friends. Takes them to the 
church for the funeral service and then to the cemetery 
for the burial. If so desired the undertaker can furnish 
a motor hearse and motor cars. 

The undertaker can furnish hacks and automobiles 
for wedding parties or any other occasion. 

Some foreigners spend too much money for funeral 
and wedding displays. Simplicity is more appropriate. 

Have you had a death in your family? What do you 
do in such a case? Is it wise to choose a casket that you 
cannot afford? What does the undertaker do? How does 
he take the body to the church and the cemetery? How 
do the friends go to the cemetery? 


— 79 — 


appoint 

appointed 

desire 

desired 

occur 

occurred 

visit 

visited 

dig 

dug 




choose chose 

chosen 


LESSON 52. 



THE TRADES. 


trade 

cleaner 

brick 

character 

mechanic 

dyer 

mortar 

noble 

leader 

blacksmith 

cake 

solid 

carpenter 

tinner 

wagon 

electric 

mason 

potter 

horse 

expert 

bricklayer 

cooper 

railway 

professional 

plasterer 

printer 

picture 

possible 

painter 

photographer 

magazine 

following 

plumber 

teamster 

barrel 

plaster 

electrician 

miner 

profession 

wire 

baker 

frame 

druggist 

varnish 

shoemaker 

building 

lawyer 

mould 

tailor 

stone 

court 



There are different trades. The man who builds 
frame houses is a carpenter. The mason works on solid 
buildings and does the stone work. The bricklayer works 
with bricks and mortar. He builds brick walls, chimneys, 
etc. The plasterer plasters the inside of the houses and 
other buildings. The plumber puts in the gas and water 
pipes, fixes the sewer pipes for the unclean water to run 
out into the big sewers. The electrician wires up the 
houses for the electric lights. The painter paints the 
woodwork and varnishes the floors. Men who work in 
a mine are called miners. There are different kinds of 
mines—coal mines, iron mines, copper mines, silver mines, 
gold mines, etc. The baker makes bread, cakes and pies. 
The shoemaker repairs our shoes. The tailor makes men’s 
and ladies’ clothes. The cleaner and dyer makes our old 
clothes look like new. The barber helps the people look 
— 80 — 



clean by shaving their whiskers and cutting their hair. 
The teamster drives the big wagons that take all kinds 
of goods to the store so that we may buy what we want. 
The blacksmith shoes the teamster's horses, repairs his 
wagons and makes other things from iron. The railway 
men make it possible for us to travel great distances by 
running trains for us. When we want our pictures taken 
we go to the photographer. If there were no printers we 
would not have any papers, magazines or books to read. 
The potter makes all our dishes. The tinner makes all the 
tin cans in which we get our canned goods. The cooper 
makes all kinds of barrels. All expert workers in the 
above trades are called mechanics. 

There is another class of men whom we call pro¬ 
fessional men. The following are some of the professions: 
The doctor attends us when we are sick. In case we have 
a toothache, or some other trouble of the teeth, we go to 
the dentist. The druggist sells us medicine. The lawyer 
helps us in court matters. The minister is a spiritual 
leader. The teacher has the noble work of teaching the 
young and moulding their characters. 

Name some of the trades? What is the work of each 
trade? What are the expert workers in each trade called? 
What are some of the professions? What is the work of 
each profession? 

plaster plastered wire wired 

varnish varnished mould moulded 

Kansas City, Kansas, Feb. 17, 1915. 
Oklahoma Natural Gas Co., 

Pay Master, Tulsa, Okla. 

Dear Sir: 

I worked for your company at Claremore, Okla., dur¬ 
ing the month of January. I was obliged to leave for Kan¬ 
sas City and could not wait for my pay check. Will you 
please send the same to 218 North First Street, Kansas 
City, Kansas. My work check was 86. 

Yours very truly, Mike Thomas. 

-81- 



LESSON 53. 


TRUSTS AND TRADE UNIONS. 


trust 

members 

fairminded 

form 

union 

direction 

richly 

secure 

production 

aim 

cheapen 

declare 

competition 

welfare 

lessen 

repay 

employer 

misfortune 

regulate 

compelled 

strike 

privileges 

unite 

combine 

arbitration 

manufacturing 



The rich companies who own the great manufactur¬ 
ing plants in the United States in order to cheapen ex¬ 
penses, regulate production and lessen competition, unite 
under one direction. Such an organization is called a 
“Trust.” Quite often these trusts are hard on the work¬ 
ing men under their employ. To protect themselves, many 
of the working men of each trade form societies, which 
combine with other similar societies all over the country 
and form what is called a “Trade Union.” The aim of 
the union is the welfare of its members. The organiza¬ 
tion helps members out of work and supports them in 
sickness or other misfortunes. The unions provide cheap 
insurance for their members. Also they work to secure 
shorter hours, better working conditions and higher wages 
for the laborers. The working men are sometimes com¬ 
pelled to declare a strike in order to secure from the 
employers some of the things they desire. However, of 
late years the trade unions have gained the respect of all 
fair-minded employers, and little by little arbitration is 
taking the place of strikes. 

The foreigner will do well to join the union of his 
trade. Of course, it will cost him some money to join, 
and then each month for dues, but the privileges and the 
benefits of the union will repay him richly. To be sure, 
no foreign laborer should ever help to break up a strike. 

What is a trust? Why are the trusts organized? 
Are the trusts always good to the working men? What 
do the working men do to protect themselves? What is 

— 82 — 


a trade union? What does the union do for the working 
men? What is a strike? Why do the working men strike? 
Are the unions respected by the employers? Is it good 
for the foreigner to join a union? Will it pay? Should 
the foreigner go to work in order to break up a strike? 
Why not? 


cheapen 

cheapened 

lessen 

lessened 

regulate 

regulated 

unite 

united 

combine 

combined 

form 

formed 

secure 

secured 

declare 

declared 

repay 

repaid 

compel 

compelled 


ADVERTISEMENTS FOR WORK. 

Foreigner, first class barber, wants a position. Ad¬ 
dress Geo. Smith, 2115 Garfield Avenue. 

Young foreigner, sober, good moral character wants 
work on a farm. Call Bell West 720. 


Young man and wife want any kind of honest work; 
have had experience in hotels and restaurants. Address 
B. 835, Kansas City Star. 


Young man and wife, no children want steady posi¬ 
tion on a farm. Address Johnson, 316 South Harrison St., 
Kansas City, Kansas. 


Young man wants position in garage or automobile 
factory where he can learn to be driver and mechanic. 
John Belmont, 316 N. Sixth St., Kansas City, Kansas. 

Foreign girl, 16 years old, good character, willing to 
work, loves children, desires a position in a Christian 
home. Call Bell West 4103. 


Young lady, experienced dressmaker, desires a posi¬ 
tion. Call Bell East 703. 









LESSON 54. 


BACK TO THE FARM. 


farm 

proposition 

tent 

urgent 

garden 

installment 

cow 

humble 

patch 

sky 

mild 

independently 

owner 

north 

unlike 

push 

boss 

south 

strong 

exploit 

liar 

contract 

feeble 

investigate 

job 

promise 

old 


starvation 

clothing 

unprofitable 



A man cannot always work in a factory. While you 
are young and strong the employer may exploit your labor 
on next to starvation wages. However, when you are old 
and feeble, he will push you out and give your job to 
some young and strong man who has just come from the 
old country. You will be thrown out as a worn out and 
unprofitable tool. Now, while you are young and strong, 
you should think of and prepare for that time, w T hich is 
sure to come. 

What is the best thing to do? The best thing is to 
listen to the urgent call, “Back to the farm.” You were 
farmers in the old country. That is your old trade. The 
farm is always sure to provide for its owner. There you 
will not have a boss or an employer. You will be your 
own boss. There are quite a number of land companies, 
which offer you a real business proposition. The fact 
that there are many “Blue Sky” land companies does not 
show that every one, who deals in lands, is a liar. Of 
course, you should investigate thoroughly, whether the 
land offered for sale is the kind of land you want before 
you make your contract. You can buy a small farm on 
the installment plan and have no trouble to pay for it in 
a few years. 

The South is the “Land of Promise” for the foreigner. 
The winters are mild. There you do not need expensive 
winter clothing, nor a costly house. Unlike the North 
there you can start housekeeping in a tent. A few chick- 

— 84 — 


ens, a cow, one or two pigs, a garden patch, and work¬ 
ing now and then for your neighbors will give you a good 
start. Many people w T ho are independently rich today 
have started in this humble way. 

Can you work in a factory all your life? Do the 
factories employ old men? Why not? What will you do 
when you are old and lose your job? Is it a good thing 
to buy a small farm while yet young and pay for it in 
small installments? Would you believe everything that 
land agents tell you? What is the best thing to do before 
you sign a contract, or pay any money to some land com¬ 
pany? Do you know what a “Blue Sky” deal is? Why 
should the foreigner prefer the South for a home? 


9 

square feet 

=1 square yard 

30V 4 

square yards 

=1 square 

rod 

160 

square rods 

— 1 acre 



LESSON 55. 



NATURALIZATION. 


naturalization mind 

loyal 

testify 

citizenship 

space 

prominent 

grant 

citizen 

allegiance 

within 

vote 

candidate 

anarchist 

simply 

reside 

declaration 

polygamist 

continuously 

assure 

intention 

witness 

personally 

naturalize 

oath 

native 

intend 

admit 

age 

moral 

renounce 

born 


If you have made up your mind that you like this 
country and intend to make it your home for the rest of 
your life, you must take steps to become an American 
citizen. Two papers are necessary for this purpose. One 
is simply a declaration of intention to become a United 
States citizen. You get this paper from the court after 
the oath in which you renounce all allegiance to any for¬ 
eign country, and that you will be loyal to the United 
States. The second paper could be taken after you have 

—85— 




resided at least five years continuously in this country. 
There must be a space of at least two years and not more 
than seven years between the taking of the first paper 
and the application for the second paper. At the time of 
the application you must have two witnesses, American 
citizens, who can testify before the clerk of the court that 
they have known you personally, and that you have re¬ 
sided in the United States for at least five years con¬ 
tinuously. The clerk of the court will post your name 
with the names of other candidates at some prominent 
place in the court house. At a session of court you 
must bring the same witnesses. After the court is 
assured that you have resided within the United States 
for at least five years continuously, that you are not an 
anarchist or polygamist, that you are a man of good 
moral character, and after taking the oath of allegiance to 
the United States, the court will grant you the second 
paper, which is the real paper of naturalization. This 
paper gives you the right of citizenship, but the state can 
only grant you the right to vote. If you cannot answer 
the questions of the court in English you cannot be natur¬ 
alized. 

If you are a married man and have children under 
twenty-one years of age, your wife and children also be¬ 
come American citizens. Chinese are not admitted to citi¬ 
zenship. The naturalized citizen has the same rights and 
privileges as a native-born citizen. Only he cannot be¬ 
come President of the United States. 


intend 

intended 

renounce 

renounced 

testify 

testified 

grant 

granted 

vote 

voted 

reside 

resided 

assure 

assured 

naturalize 

naturalized 

admit 

admitted 

push 

pushed 

exploit 

exploited 

investigate 

investigated 


bear 

bore 

born 


86 — 


LESSON 56. 


SAMPLE VERB. 

Study the following forms of the verb “eat,” and exer¬ 
cise in the same way with other verbs until you learn the 
meaning and the use of these forms. 

INDICATIVE MODE. 


Singular 

1. I eat 

2. You eat 

3. He eats 


PRESENT TENSE. 

Plural 

1. We eat 

2. You eat 

3. They eat 


PRESENT-PERFECT TENSE. 

1. I have eaten 1. We have eaten 

2. You have eaten 2. You have eaten 

3. He has eaten 3. They have eaten 


PAST TENSE. 

1. I ate 1. We ate 

2. You ate 2. You ate 

3. He ate 3. They ate 


PAST-PERFECT TENSE. 

1. I had eaten 1. We had eaten 

2. You had eaten 2. You had eaten 

3. He had eaten 3. They had eaten 

FUTURE TENSE. 

1. I will (*) eat 1. We will (*) eat 

2. You will (*) eat 2. You whl (*) eat 

3. He will (*) eat 3. They will (*) eat 

*If the speaker determines the performance of the act, 
use “will” in the first person and “shall” in the others; if 
the speaker merely foretells the performance, use “shall” 
in the first person, and “will” in the others. 


SUBJUNCTIVE MODE. 


PRESENT TENSE. 

1. If we eat 

2. If you eat 

3. If they eat 


1. If I eat 

2. If you eat 

3. If he eats 


POTENTIAL MODE. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Singular Plural 

1. I may (*) eat 1. We may (*) eat 

2. You may (*) eat 2. You may (*) eat 

3. He may (*) eat 3. They may (*) eat 

*Also use “can” and “must.” 

PRESENT-PERFECT TENSE. 

1. I may have eaten 1. We may have eaten 

2. You may have eaten 2. You may have eaten 

3. He may have eaten 3. They may have eaten 

PAST TENSE. 

1. I might (*) eat 1. We might (*) eat 

2. You might (*) eat 2. You might (*) eat 

3. He might (*) eat 3. They might (*) eat 

*Also use “could.” 

IMPERATIVE MODE. 

Note.—This is the shortest form of all verbs. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

2. Eat 2. Eat 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present —Eating. Past —Eaten. 

1. I eat breakfast now. 

2. I am eating breakfast. 

3. I have eaten breakfast half an hour ago. 

4. I ate breakfast. 

5. I had eaten my breakfast when John came. 

6. I will eat breakfast very early. 

7. If I eat breakfast, I can work better. 

8. I may eat breakfast before six o’clock. 

9. I may have eaten .breakfast when you come. 

10. Eat breakfast and then come. 

11. I am invited to take supper at my brother’s house. 

12. I was invited to his wedding. 

13. You will be invited to his house. 

- 88 — 


14. If I am invited to the party, I will go. 

15. If I were invited, I would not feel offended. 

16. I may be invited to Thanksgiving dinner. 

(In the above sample verb only those modes and tenses 
of the active voice, which are represented in the text of the 
book, have been given. The few samples of the passive 
voice will hardly justify giving the full conjugation; how¬ 
ever, the teacher may drill the pupils in forms like the 
following: I am invited, I was invited, I will be invited, 
If I am invited, If I were invited, I may be invited, etc.). 



— 89 — 









My Country.' Tis of Thee, 


S. P. Smith, 


(AMERICA.) 


Henry Carey, 









X 


S-LJ-r-S-* 


2=2=* 


1. My country!’tis of thee,Sweet land of lib - er-ty. Of thee I sing; Land where my 

2. My na-tive country, thee,Land of the no-ble, free, Thy name I love; I love thy 

3. Let music swell the breeze, And ring from all the trees Sweet freedom’s song* Let mor-tal 

4. Our fathers’God to Thee,Au-thor of lib - er-ty. To Thee we sing; Long may our 


rr* 




i 




rn —\n 


pij 







fa - thers diedlLand of the pilgrims’ pride!From ev’ry mountain side Let free-dom ring! 
rocks and rills,Thy woods and templed hilis;My heart with rapture thrills Like that a-bove. 
tongues awake I et all that breathe partake; Let rocks their silence break,The sound prolong, 
land be bright With freedom’s holy light; Protect us by Thy might, Great God, our King! 

A* -p-g- <P~ 


-#-• -p- - - 


1 


£ 


— 90 — 
















































































PART TWO 


Civil Government 







































't ' • ‘ 












































THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 


The Unanimous Declaration Of The Thirteen United States Of 

America. 

When, in the course of human events it becomes necessary for 
one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them 
with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the sepa¬ 
rate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s 
God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires 
that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created 
equal; that they are endowed . by their Creator with certain unalien¬ 
able rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of 
happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted 
among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the 
governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destruc¬ 
tive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish 
it, and to institute new government laying its foundation on such 
principles and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall 
seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, 
indeed, will dictate that governments long established, should not 
be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all 
experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, 
while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing 
the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of 
abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, envinces a 
design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it 
is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards 
for their future security.—Such has been the patient sufferance of 
these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them 
to alter their former systems of government. The history of the 
present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and 
usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an abso¬ 
lute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted 
to a candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and neces¬ 
sary for the public good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and 
pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent 
should be obtained; and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected 
to attend to them. # 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large 
districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of 
representation in the legislature, a right inestimable to them and 
formidable to tyrants only. 


— 93 — 



He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, un¬ 
comfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, 
for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his 
measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, 
with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolution, to cause 
others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of 
annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; 
the State remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the dangers 
of invasion from without, and convulsions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for 
that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; 
refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and 
raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his 
assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure 
at their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms 
of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies with¬ 
out the consent of our legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military independent of and su¬ 
perior to the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a Jurisdiction for¬ 
eign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving 
his assent to their acts of pretended legislation; 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us; 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any 
murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States; 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world; 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent; 

For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by Jury; 

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses; 

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring 
province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging 
its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instru¬ 
ment for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies; 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, 
and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments; 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves 
invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his pro¬ 
tection and waging war against us. 

— 94 — 


He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, 
and destroyed the lives of our people. 

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mer¬ 
cenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already 
begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled 
in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civil¬ 
ized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow citizens, taken captive on the high 
seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners 
of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has en¬ 
deavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless 
Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished de¬ 
struction of all ages, sexes and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress 
in the most humble terms: our repeated petitions have been answered 
only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked 
by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of 
a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. 
We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legis¬ 
lature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have 
reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement 
here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and 
we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow 
these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections 
and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice 
and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, 
which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest 
of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends. 

We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, 
in general Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of 
the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by 
authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and 
declare, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be free 
and independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to 
the British crown, and that all political connection between them and 
the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be totally dissolved; and 
that as free and independent States, they have full power to levy 
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do 
all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. 
And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the 
protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our 
lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor. 

[Signed by] John Hancock, President, 

and by fifty-five representatives of the 
United States of America. 


CONSTITUTION 


OF THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 


PREAMBLE. 

We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect 
union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the 
common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings 
of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this 
Constitution for the United States of America. 

ARTICLE I. 

Legislative Department. 

Sect. 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a 
House of Representatives. 

Sect. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem¬ 
bers chosen every second year by the people of the several States, 
and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite 
for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained 
to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the 
United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of 
that State in which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the 
several States which may be included within this Union, according to 
their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the 
whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a 
term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all 
other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three 
years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, 
and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as 
they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not 
exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least 
one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the 
State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts 
eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, 
New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, 
Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, 
and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the 

— 96 — 



Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and 
other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of 
two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for 
six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the 
first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three 
classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated 
at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the ex¬ 
piration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of 
the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; 
and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess 
of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make 
temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, 
which shall then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the 
age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that 
State for which he shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the 
Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President 
pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall 
exercise the office of President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. 
When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. 
When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice 
shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the concur¬ 
rence of two-thirds of the members present. 

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than 
to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any 
office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States: but the 
party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, 
trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. 

Sect. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for 
Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the 
Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make 
or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall 
by law appoint a different day. 

Sect. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, 
and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall 
constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn 

— 97 — 


from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance 
of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each 
House may provide. 

Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish 
its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two- 
thirds, expel a member. 

Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from 
time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their 
judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of 
either House on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those 
present, be entered on the journal. 

Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any 
other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 

Sect. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a com¬ 
pensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out 
of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except 
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest 
during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and 
in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or 
debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which 
he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority 
of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emolu¬ 
ments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no 
person holding any office under the United States shall be a member 
of either House during his continuance in office. 

Sect. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House 
of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amend¬ 
ments as on other bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives 
and the Senate shall, before it become a law, be presented to the 
President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but 
if not he shall return it with his objections to that House in which 
it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on 
their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsidera¬ 
tion two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall 
be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by whiclj 
it shall likewise be reconsidered, and, if approved by two-thirds of 
that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes 
of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names 
of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on 
the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be 
returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after 
it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in 
like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their 

— 98 — 


adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the 
United States; and, before the same shall take effect, shall be ap¬ 
proved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by 
two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to 
the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sect. 8. The Congress shall have power,— 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises to pay the 
debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of 
the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform 
throughout the United States; 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
States, and with the Indian tribes; 

To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws 
on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
fix the standard of weights and measures; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States; 

To establish post-offices and post-roads; 

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing 
for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and offence's against the law of nations; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make 
rules concerning captures on land and water; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to 
that use shall be for a longer term than two years; 

To provide and maintain a navy; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and 
naval forces; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions; 

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, 
and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the 
service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the 
appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia 
according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; 

To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over 
such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of 
particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat 

- 99 — 


of the government of the United States; and to exercise like author¬ 
ity over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the 
State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, 
arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings;—and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carry¬ 
ing into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by 
this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any de¬ 
partment or officer thereof. 

Sect. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any 
of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be 
prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight 
hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such im¬ 
portation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in propor¬ 
tion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or 
revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall 
vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or 
pay duties in another. 

No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence 
of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account 
of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be pub¬ 
lished from time to time. 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and 
no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, 
without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolu¬ 
ment, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, 
or foreign state. 

Sect. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or con¬ 
federation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit 
bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in 
payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law T , or 
law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of 
nobility. 

No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any im¬ 
posts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely 
necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of 
all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall 
be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws 
shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. 

No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of 

— 100 — 


tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, 
or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent dan¬ 
ger as will not admit of delay. 

ARTICLE II. 

Executive Depabtment. 

Sect. 1 . The executive power shall be vested in a President of 
the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the 
term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen 
for the same term, be elected as follows:— 

Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the" Legislature there¬ 
of may direct, a number of Electors equal to the whole number of 
Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in 
the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding 
an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed 
an Elector. 

[The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by 
ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabi¬ 
tant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list 
of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; 
which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the 
seat of the government of the United States, directed to the Presi¬ 
dent of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the pres¬ 
ence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certifi¬ 
cates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the 
greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number 
be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if 
there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal 
number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have 
a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House 
shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the 
President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from 
each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall con¬ 
sist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a 
majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every 
case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest 
number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if 
there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate 
shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President .—Repealed by 
Amendment XII.] 

Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be 
the same throughout the United States. 

No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the 

— 101 — 


United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall 
be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be 
eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of 
thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United 
States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his 
death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties 
of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and 
the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, 
resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, 
declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer 
shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President 
shall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a 
compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during 
the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not 
receive within that period any other emolument from the United 
States, or any of them. 

Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the 
following oath or affirmation:—“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) 
that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United 
States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and de¬ 
fend the Constitution of the United States.” 

Sect. 2. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army 
and navy of the United States,- and of the militia of the several 
States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he 
may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each 
of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties 
of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves 
and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases 
of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present 
concur; and he shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public min¬ 
isters, and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers 
of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise 
provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Con¬ 
gress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as 
they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in 
the heads of departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Sect. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress infor¬ 
mation of the state of the Union, and recommend to their considera- 

— 102 — 


tion such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he 
may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of 
them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to 
the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he 
shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public 
ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, 
and shall commission all the officers of the United States. 

Sect. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of 
the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, 
and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde¬ 
meanors. 


ARTICLE III. 

Judicial Department. 

Sect. 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress 
may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of 
the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good 
behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a com¬ 
pensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in 
office. 

Sect. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law 
and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United 
States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their au¬ 
thority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, 
and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to 
controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to con¬ 
troversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens 
of another State, between citizens of different States, between citi¬ 
zens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different 
States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, 
citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and 
consuls, and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme 
Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before 
mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both 
as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, 
as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be 
by jury; and such trials shall be held in the State where the said 
crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within 
any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress 
may by law have directed. 

Sect. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in 
levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving 
them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason 

— 103 — 


unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or 
on confession in open court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of 
treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, 
or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

General Provisions. 

Sect. 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to 
the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. 
And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which 
such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect 
thereof. 

Sect. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privi¬ 
leges and immunities of citizens in the several States. 

A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other 
crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, 
shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which 
he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having juris¬ 
diction of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or 
regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but 
shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or 
labor may be due. 

Sect. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this 
Union; but no New State shall be formed or erected within the juris¬ 
diction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction 
of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of 
the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all need¬ 
ful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property 
belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall 
be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or 
of any particular State. 

Sect. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this 
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
against invasion; and on application of the Legislature, or of the 
Executive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against do¬ 
mestic violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

Power Of Amendment. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it 
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the 
application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, 

— 104 — 


shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either 
case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Con¬ 
stitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the 
several States, or,by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one 
or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; 
provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year 
one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect 
the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; 
and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal 
suffrage in the Senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Miscellaneous Provisions. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the 

adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United 

States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall 

be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall 

be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the 
supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be 
bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any State to 
the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem¬ 
bers of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial 
officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be 
bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no 
religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office 
or public trust under the United States. 

ARTICLE VII. 

Ratification Of The Constitution. 

The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be suf¬ 
ficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States 
so ratifying the same. 

Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, 
the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one 
thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence 
of the United States of America the twelfth. 

In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. 

[Signed by] Go : Washington, 

Presidt. and Deputy from Virginia , 
and by thirty-nine delegates 


— 105 — 


ARTICLES 

IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, 

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 


ARTICLE I. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of re¬ 
ligion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the 
freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peace¬ 
ably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of 
grievances. 

ARTICLE II. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be 
infringed. 

ARTICLE III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, 
without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a man¬ 
ner to be prescribed by law. 

ARTICLE IV. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, 
papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall 
not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, 
supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the 
place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 

ARTICLE V. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise in¬ 
famous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, 
except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, 
when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall 
any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy 
of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a 
witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for 
public use without just compensation. 

ARTICLE VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to 
a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and dis¬ 
trict wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district 
shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of 
the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the 
witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining wit- 

— 106 — 



nesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his de¬ 
fence. 

ARTICLE VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall 
exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, 
and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any 
court of the United States, then according to the rules of the com¬ 
mon law. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

ARTICLE IX. 

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not 
be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

ARTICLE X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitu¬ 
tion, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States 
respectively, or to the people. 

ARTICLE XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed 
to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted 
against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by 
citizens or subjects of any foreign state. 

ARTICLE XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by 
ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall 
not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall 
name in their ballots the person voted for as President; and in 
distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President; and they 
shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of 
all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes 
for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed 
to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the 
President of the Senate;—the President of the Senate shall, in the 
presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the 
certificates, and the votes shall then be counted;—the person having 
the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors ap¬ 
pointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the per¬ 
sons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of 
those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall 
choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the 
President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from 

— 107 — 


each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall con¬ 
sist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a 
majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the 
House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the 
right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of 
March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, 
as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the 
President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority 
of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a 
majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate 
shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall con¬ 
sist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority 
of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person 
constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible 
to that of Vice-President of the United States. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Sect. 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime w T hereof the party shall have been duly con¬ 
victed, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to 
their jurisdiction. 

Sect. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by ap¬ 
propriate legislation. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Sect. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United 
States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make 
or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities 
of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any 
person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor 
deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the 
laws. 

Sect. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several 
States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole num¬ 
ber of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when 
the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for Presi¬ 
dent and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Con¬ 
gress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members 
of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants 
of such State, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the 
United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in 
rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be 
reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall 
bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in 
such State. 


108 — 


Sect. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Con¬ 
gress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil 
or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having 
previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer 
of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or 
as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Con¬ 
stitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or 
rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies 
thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, 
remove such disability. 

Sect. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, 
authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions 
and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall 
not be questioned. But neither the United States, nor any State 
shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insur¬ 
rection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the 
loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, 
and claims shall be held illegal and void. 

Sect. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate 
legislation, the provisions of this article. 

ARTICLE XV. 

Sect. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall 
not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on 
account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

Sect. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article 
by appropriate legislation. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, 
from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the sev¬ 
eral States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. 

ARTICLE XVII. 

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Sena¬ 
tors from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and 
each Senator shall have one vote. The Electors in each State shall 
have the qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous 
branch of the State Legislatures. 

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the 
Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election 
to fill such vacancies: Provided, that the Legislature of any State, may 
empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointment until 
the people fill the vacancies by election as the Legislature may direct. 

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the elec¬ 
tion or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of 
the Constitution. 


— 109 — 


QUESTIONS THAT MAY BE ASKED 

AT THE 

EXAMINATION OF CANDIDATES FOR NATUR¬ 
ALIZATION, AND THEIR BRIEF ANSWERS 


GENERAL QUESTIONS. 

Q. Who discovered America? 

A. Christopher Columbus, October 12, 1492. 

Q. When did the colonies become a free government? 

A. When the Declaration of Independence was signed at 
Philadelphia, July 4, 1776. 

Q. What is the Declaration of Independence? 

A. It is the written document by which the colonies de¬ 
clared themselves a free government, independent of 
England. 

Q. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 

A. Thomas Jefferson. 

Q . What is the United- States? 

A. It is a union of forty-eight states. 

Q. How many states were there originally? 

A. Thirteen states. They are: New Hampshire, Massa¬ 
chusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Penn¬ 
sylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, South Caro¬ 
lina, Georgia, North Carolina and Rhode Island. 

Q. What is our form of government? 

A. Republican. 

Q. What is a republic? 

A. A government in which the sovereign power is in the 
people, and is administered by representatives elected 
by them. 

Q. What is Lincoln's definition of a republic? 

A. A government of the people, by the people and for the 
people. 


— 110 — 



Q. Who rules in the United States? 

A. The people. 

Q. What is the fundamental laic of the United States? 

A. The constitution. 

Q. When was the constitution of the United States 
adopted? 

A. September 12, 1787, by the constitutional congress at 
Philadelphia. 

Q. Have you read the United States constitution? 

Q. How many articles are there in the United States con¬ 
stitution? 

A. Seven articles. 

Q. Has the United States constitution ever been amended? 
A. Yes, sir. 

Q. How many amendments are there? 

A. Seventeen amendments. 

Q. Do you believe in organized government? 

Q. Are you an anarchist? 

Q. Are you a polygamist? 

Q. Do you believe in polygamy? 


UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 

Q. What city is the capital of the United States? 

A. Washington, D. C. 

Q. How many branches are there in the United States 
government ? 

A. Three branches. 

1. Legislative, which makes the laws. 

2. Executive, which sees that the laws are obeyed. 

3. Judicial, which interprets the laws. 

Q. Who makes the laws for the United States? 

A. The United States Congress. 


—Ill— 



Q. Where does the Congress meet ? 

A. At the National Capitol, Washington, D. C. 

Q. Of what does Congress consist? 

A. The Senate and the House of Representatives. 

Q. How many senators are there from each state? 

A. Two. 

Q. Who elects the United States Senators? 

A. The people. 

Q. For what term are the United States Senators elected? 
A. Six years. 

Q . Who presides over the United States Senate? 

A. The Vice-President. 

Q. Can the Vice-President vote in the Senate? 

A. He does not, except in case of a tie vote. 

Q. How many Representatives are there from- each state? 
A. The number depends on the population of the state. 

Q. Who elects the Representatives? 

A. The people. 

Q. What is their term of service? 

A. Two years. 

Q. How many representatives from your state? 

Q. Who presides over the House of Representatives? 

A. The House chooses its own presiding officer, who is 
called “the Speaker.” 

Q. Can the Speaker vote in the House of Representatives? 
A. Yes. 

Q. What is a bill? 

A. A bill is the draft of a proposed law submitted to the 
legislature for enactment. 

Q. Where can a bill originate? 

A. In either House. 

Q. How does a bill become a laiv? 

— 112 — 


A. It must be passed by both Houses and signed by the 
President of the United States. 

Q. What does the United States President do, if he does 
not approve of the hill? 

A. He returns it to the House where it originated with his 
objections. This is called vetoing the bill. 

Q. Can Congress pass a law over the President’s veto? 

A. Yes. If both Houses, after a consideration of the 
President’s objections, pass the bill by a two-thirds 
vote it becomes a law without the President’s signa¬ 
ture. 

Q. What ivill happen if the President fails to return the 
bill within ten days? 

A. It becomes a law, provided Congress is in session after 
the expiration of the ten days (Sundays and legal holi¬ 
days are excepted). 

Q. Who is the chief executive of the United States? 

A. The President. 

Q. Who is President now? 

Q. Who elects the President and Vice-President? 

A. The electors. 

Q. Who elects the electors? 

A. The people. 

Q. How many electors in each state? 

A. As many electors as there are Congressmen (Senators 
and Representatives) from that state. 

Q. How do the electors elect the President and Vice-Presi¬ 
dent? 

A. The electors from each state go to their respective 
State Capitals and vote for the President and Vice- 
President. The electoral votes from each state are sent 
to Congress in Washington, D. C. Congress counts the 
votes and the candidates having the majority of votes 
are elected President and Vice-President of the United 
States. 


— 113 — 


Q. For what term of office are the President and Vice- 
President elected? 

A. Four years. 

Q. Who can he elected President? 

A. The candidate for United States President must be 
American born and not less than thirty-five years old. 

Q. What are the duties of the President? 

A. He is: 

The Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy. 

He appoints the Supreme Court judges. 

Selects his own cabinet. 

Appoints some United States officers. 

Appoints the United States ambassadors and consuls 
to foreign countries. 

Approves or vetoes the laws passed by Congress. 
Pardons criminals convicted by the United States 
Courts, etc. 

Most of the appointments are made with the consent 
of the Senate. 

Q. What are the duties of the Vice-President? 

A. He presides over the Senate. Takes the place of the 
President in case of his death or disability. 

Q. Who is the United States Vice-President now? 

Q. Who constitutes the President's Cabinet? 

A. The ten Secretaries who are the heads of the ten dif¬ 
ferent departments of the United States Government. 

Q. What are these departments? 

A. They are: 

1. The State Department, which administers foreign 
affairs. 

2. The Department of the Treasury, which has 
charge of the collection and disbursement of the 
public revenue. 

3. The Department of Justice, which is the legal 
counsel of the Government. 

—114— 


4. The War Department, which administers military 
affairs. 

5. The Department of the Navy, which has charge of 
naval affairs. 

6. The Post Office Department, which has charge of 
the mail service. 

7. The Department of the Interior, which administers 
home affairs, as public lands, Indians, patents, 
pensions and the census. 

8. The Department of Agriculture, which collects and 
disseminates information on agricultural sub¬ 
jects. 

9. The Department of Commerce, which promotes the 
commercial interests of the country. 

10. The Department of Labor, which promotes and 
protects the interests of labor. 

Q. What constitutes the judicial branch of the United 
States Government? 

A. The United States Courts. 

Q. What is the highest court in the United States? 

A. The Supreme Court, It sits in the National Capitol at 
Washington, D. C., and it is a Court of Appeals. It 
has been called the “Guardian of the Constitution.” 
The decisions of the Superme Court are final. 

Q. How is the Supreme Court constituted? 

A. One Chief Justice and eight associates. 

Q. What are the United States Circuit Courts of Appeal? 

A. They also are Courts of Appeal. Congress has divided 
the United States into nine circuits. Each circuit is 
provided with a Circuit Court of Appeals. These 
courts are composed of regular circuit judges, assisted 
by the district judges. Three judges are necessary to 
try a case. 


— 115 — 


Q. What are the District Courts? 

A. They are the lowest of the Federal Courts. These 
courts are presided over by a district judge. 

Q. How many District Courts are there? 

A. In every state there is at least one District Court and 
in the larger states there are several. There are about 
ninety District Courts in the United States. 

Q. What cases come under the jurisdiction of the Federal 
Courts ? 

A. All cases of offenses against the United States Con¬ 
stitution and the United States Laws. Cases affecting 
ambassadors, public ministers and consuls. Crimes on 
the high seas. Controversies between two or more 
states. Cases in which the United States is a party. 
Cases between a state and citizens of another state. 
Bankruptcy cases, etc. 

Q. How are the criminal cases tried? 

A. The crimianl cases are tried by jury, and the trial is 
held in the state in which the crime has been com¬ 
mitted. 

Q. For ivhat term are the federal judges appointed? 

A. For life. 


STATE GOVERNMENT. 

Q. How many states are there? 

A. Forty eight states. 

Q. What is the capital of your state? 

Q. Has each state a constitution? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. How is the state government divided? 
A. Into three departments: 

1. Legislative. 

2. Executive. 

3. Judicial. 


116 — 



Q. Who makes the laivs for the state? 

A. The State Legislature. 

Q. Of what does the State Legislature consist? 

A. The State Senate and the Assembly. 

Q. Who elects the members of the State Legislature? 

A. The people of the state. 

Q . How long do the State Senators serve? 

A. Four years. 

Q. How long do the State Representatives serve? 

A. Two years. 

Q. Who is the chief executive of the state? 

A. The Governor. 

Q. Who elects the Governor? 

A. The people at the general state elections. 

Q. For what term is the governor elected? 

Q . Who is the governor of your state? 

Q. What are the duties of the Governor? 

A. He is: 

The Commander-in-Chief of the State Militia. 

He appoints certain state officers with the consent of 
the State Senate. 

Approves or vetoes the laws passed by the State Legis¬ 
lature. 

Pardons criminals against the state, etc. 

Q. Who elects the Lieutenant Governor? 

A. The people. 

Q. What are the duties of the Lieutenant Governor? 

A. He takes the place of the Governor in case of his death, 
disability or absence. He also presides over the State 
Senate. 

Q. What other state executive officers are there? 

A. 1. The Secretary of State records the official acts of 
the Governor, and files the laws passed by the 
State Legislature. 

— 117 — 


2. The State Comptroller or Auditor manages the 
financial business of the state. 

3. The State Treasurer keeps the money paid into 
the State Treasury. 

4. The Attorney General is the law officer of the 
state. 

5. The Superintendent of Public Instruction stands 
at the head of the public schools of the state. 

Q. What are the State Courts? 

A. They are: 

1. The State Supreme Court. Its jurisdiction is 
mostly appellate. 

2. The State Circuit or District Courts. The judges 
of these courts go from county to county to hold 
court at the county seat. 

3. The Justice's Court. This is the lowest State 
Court. It is held by a Justice of the Peace. It 
may be called the court of the neighborhood, and 
administers justice in small affairs. 


COUNTY GOVERNMENT. 

Q. How is a state sub-divided? 

A. The state is sub-divided into a number of counties. 

Q . In what county do you live? 

Q. Is County Government the same all over the Union? 

A. No. It differs somewhat. 

Q. What constitutes the governing body of a county? 

A. The County Commissioners or Supervisors. 

Q. What is their duty? 

A. They fix the rate of taxation for the county. They see 
that the county roads and bridges are kept in good 
repair. They contract for the building and maintain¬ 
ing of public buildings. They represent the county in 
law suits. The commissioners also appropriate money 

— 118 — 



for the salaries of the county officers, and for all other 
necessary county expenses. 

Q. What is the Sheriff ? 

A. The Sheriff is a county officer who has charge of the 
county jail and its prisoners. He makes all arrests 
and executes the decision of the court. He serves all 
the official papers of the courts. It is his duty to pre¬ 
serve the peace and order of the county. 

Q. What are some of the other county officers? 

A. They are: 

1. The Register of Deeds keeps a record of mortgages, 
deeds and leases. 

2. The County Treasurer receives and pays out all 
money raised by taxation. 

3. The County Auditor examines the books of the 
treasurer and other county officers to see whether 
the public accounts are properly kept. 

4. The County Attorney gives legal advice to the 
county officers. Appears in court for the state at 
the trial of criminal cases. 

5. The Superintendent of Schools is at the head of the 
public schools in the county. 

6. The Coroner investigates the cases of persons mur¬ 
dered, found dead, or who have died mysteriously. 

7. The Clerk of the Circuit or District Court keeps 
records of the courts in the county. 

Q. What is the Probate Court? 

A. It is sometimes called the Orphan's Court. It examines 
the wills of dead persons and decides whether they 
are made legally. When a man dies without leaving a 
will or someone to take care of his property, this court 
appoints an administrator. It also appoints guardians 
for orphans. In short, the Probate Court sees that the 
property of a dead person falls into rightful hands. 
It also has jurisdiction over insane persons and their 
property. 


— 119 — 


CITY GOVERNMENT. 

Q. How many forms of City Government are there? 

A. Two—the Council System and the Commission System. 

Q. Which is the better system? 

A. The Commission System. 

Q. How many departments in the Commission form of 
Government? 

A. Usually five departments: 

1. The Department of Public Affairs at the head of 
which is the Mayor. 

2. The Department of Finances. 

3. The Department of Public Safety. 

4. The Department of Streets and Public Improve¬ 
ment. 

5. The Department of Parks and Public Property. 
At the head of each of the last four departments is a 
City Commissioner. 

Q. Who elects the Mayor and the City Commissioners? 

A. The people of the city. 

Q. What are the city laws called? 

A. Ordinances. 

Q. Who makes the city laws? 

A. The City Commissioners. 

Q. Who executes the city laws? 

A. The City Commissioners. 

Q. What is the term of office of the Mayor and the City 
Commissioners ? 

A. Usually from one to four years. 

Q. Who is the Mayor of your city? 

Q. What other city officers are there? 

A. The City Clerk, the Assessor, the Treasurer, the 
Auditor, the Chief of Police, the Chief of Fire Depart¬ 
ment, etc. They are appointed by the Commission. 

Q. What are the City Courts called? 

A. Police Courts and Municipal Courts. 

- 120 — 


STATES, CAPITALS AND NUMBER OF REPRESENTA¬ 
TIVES FROM EACH STATE. 


States. 

Alabama. 

Arizona. 

Arkansas... 

California. 

Colorado. 

Connecticut. 

Delaware. 

Florida. 

Georgia. 

Idaho. 

Illinois. 

Indiana. 

Iowa. 

Kansas. 

Kentucky. 

Louisiana. 

Maine. 

Maryland. 

Massachusetts.. 

Michigan. 

Minnesota. 

Mississippi. 

Missouri. 

Montana. 

Nebraska. 

Nevada. 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey. 

New Mexico 

New York. 

North Carolina. 
North Dakota.. 
Ohio. 


Capitals. 
Montgomery.. 

Phoenix. 

.Little Rock... 
.Sacramento... 

Denver. 

.Hartford. 

•Dover. 

.Tallahassee... 

Atlanta. 

.Boise City- 

.Springfield... 
Indianapolis .. 
.Des Moines .. 

.Topeka. 

.Frankfort_ 

Baton Rouge. 

Augusta. 

Annapolis .... 

, Boston 

.Lansing. 

.St. Paul. 

Jackson . 

.Jefferson City 

Helena. 

.Lincoln. 

.Carson City .. 

Concord . 

.Trenton. 

.Santa Fe. 

.Albany ...- 

Raleigh. 

Bismarck. 

Columbus- 

- 121 - 


No. 

Rep. 

. 10 
. 1 
. 7 
. 11 
. 4 
. 5 
. 1 
. 4 
. 12 
. 2 
. 27 
. 13 
. 11 
. 8 
. 11 
. 8 
. 4 
. 6 
. 16 
. 13 
. 10 
. 8 
. 16 
. 2 
. 6 
. 1 
. 2 
. 12 
. 1 
. 43 
. 10 
. 3 
. 22 




































































Oklahoma. 

Oregon. 

Pennsylvania. 

Rhode Island. 

South Carolina. 

South Dakota. 

Tennessee. 

Texas. 

Utah. 

Vermont. 

Virginia. 

Washington. 

West Virginia. 

Wisconsin. 

Wyoming. 

District of Columbia 


.Oklahoma City 

.Salem. 

.Harrisburg_ 

.Providence_ 

.Columbia. 

Pierre. 

.Nashville. 

.Austin. 

.Salt Lake City. 

Montpelier. 

.Richmond. 

Olympia. 

Charleston. 

.Madison. 

.Cheyenne. 

.Washington.... 


8 


3 

36 

3 

7 

3 

10 

18 

2 

2 

10 

5 

6 

11 

1 


HOLIDAYS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Every Sunday. 

January 1—New Year’s Day. 

February 12—Lincoln’s Birthday. 

February 22—Washington’s Birthday. 

May 30—Decoration Day. 

July 4- Independence Day. 

September (First Monday)—Labor Day. 

November (usually First Tuesday after First Monday)—Genera 
Election Day. 

November (usually the Last Thursday)—Thanksgiving Day. 
December 25—Christmas. 


— 122 — 

















































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